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Geodetic Engineering Boards > Cartography > Flashcards

Cartography Flashcards

1
Q

data that involves an aspect of location on the earth’s surface or near surface which is converted to a form that is meaningful to a user

A

geographic information/spatial information

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2
Q

a system of hardware, software, and procedures designed to support the capture, management, manipulation, analysis, modeling and display of spatially referenced data

A

geographic information system

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3
Q

set of computer based systems for managing geographic data and using these data to solve real world spatiall problems

A

geographic information system

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4
Q

paper map - static, snapshot of real world at a given time only

A

Conventional data

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5
Q

dynamic; allows a range of functions for storing, processing, analyzing and visualizing spatial data

A

digital geographic data

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6
Q

hardware, softwqare, data, methods, people

A

5 components of GIS

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7
Q

computer system on which the GIS software will run used for acquisition, storage, analysis and display of geog information

A

hardware

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8
Q

provides the functions and tools needed to store, analyze, and display geog information

A

software

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9
Q

core of GIS

A

data

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10
Q

images, census, surveys

A

primary data capture

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11
Q

maps, plans

A

secondary data capture

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12
Q

GIS users range from technical specialist who design and maintain the system to those who use it to help them perform their everyday work

A

people

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13
Q

various techniques used for map creation and further usage for any project. models to come up with the desired products.

A

methods

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14
Q

representation of the real world geogrpahic features in digital form to be stored in a GIS database.

A

geographic data models

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15
Q

the world is a continuous field in 2 or 3 dimensions. raster data model, e.g. elevation, soils

A

field-based model

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16
Q

well defined (discreet) boundaries such as buildings and roads, or diffused (fuzzy) boundaries such as forests and beaches. vector data model

A

object based model

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17
Q

area is covered by grid with equal-sized square cells containing an attribute value for each.

A

raster

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18
Q

features in the real world are represented either as points, lines, or areas, (polygons)

A

vector

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19
Q

adjacency, containment, connectivity

A

topological relationships

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20
Q

software designed to organize the efficient storage, manipulation, and access to data within an integrated database

A

database management system (DBMS)

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21
Q

contains geographic data of a particulat subject for a particular area

A

geographic database

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22
Q

a collection of tables or relaltions that can be connected to each other by keys.

A

relational DBMS

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23
Q

manipulation of spatial data into various forms to be able to extract additional and meaningul information to understand the real world. to identify the PATTERN.

A

spatial analysis

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24
Q

creates a composite map. an operation that superimposes multiple data

A

overlay

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25
Q

performed using mathematical/logical operators (and, or, xor, not).

A

raster overlay

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26
Q

involves a focal cell and its surrouding cells

A

neighborhood operations

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27
Q

each sample point has a local influence that diminishes with distance

A

inverse distance weighted

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28
Q

performed to select features that satisfy a set of criteria based on the attributes.

A

querying

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29
Q

creation of zone of interest around an entity

A

buffering

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30
Q

feature of features which overlap in all layers and/or classess.

A

intersect (and)

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31
Q

computes a geometric union of the input features. all features and their attributes will be written to the outpur feature class

A

union (or)

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32
Q

features that do not overlap will be written to the output feature class. BAWAL YUNG INTERSECTION.

A

symmetrical difference (XOR)

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33
Q

only those portions of the input features falling outside the erase features are copied to the output.

A

difference/subtract/erase (AND NOT)

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34
Q

the input features thereof that overlap identity features will get the attributes of those identity features.

A

identity

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35
Q

uses a polygon boundary to cut features and their attributes from a feature class.

A

clip

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36
Q

the attributes are updated

A

cover/update

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37
Q

generalizes features by combining features based on a specified attributes.

A

dissolve

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38
Q

combine point, line, polygon, classes, feature

A

append/merge

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39
Q

joins attributes. no map outputs

A

spatial join

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40
Q

a way of constructing a surface from a set of irregular spaced data points.

A

Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN)

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41
Q

common boundary between two areas of a locality

A

adjacency

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42
Q

area features which are wholly contained within another area feature

A

containment

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43
Q

geometric property which describes the linkage between line features

A

connectivity

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44
Q

key components of spatial quality

A

positional accuracy, lineage/completeness, temporal accuracy, logical consistency

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45
Q

descriptive text used to label map features stored either as a simple text element in the map, or as a feature class in a geodatabase

A

annotation

46
Q

7-bit (128 characters) used as a computer’s alphabet

A

ASCII

47
Q

stands for american standard code for information interchange

A

ASCII

48
Q

true or false answer

A

boolean expression

49
Q

map consisting of areas of equal value separated by abrupt boundaries

A

choropleth map

50
Q

spatial adjustment process that aligns features along the edge of one layer to adjoining layer.

A

edgematching

51
Q

an editing process that separates a multipart feature into its component features, which become independent features

A

explode

52
Q

collection of geographic features with the same geometry type, same attributes, and same spatial reference

A

feature class

53
Q

a map displaying the distribution of an attribute in terms of lines connecting points of equal value

A

isopleth

54
Q

process of reducing details on a map because of change in map scale

A

generalization

55
Q

method of surveying where in the lengths of the triangle sides are measured, and angles are computed

A

trilateration

56
Q

color used as a surface tint to portray built up urban areas and the area coverage of large cities

A

pink

57
Q

the REC for a secondary traverse

A

1:10000

58
Q

opening driven into an ore deposit for use as haulways, ventilation, or access

A

level

59
Q

shade between black and white

A

halftone

60
Q

style of letter which have heavy strokes and consisting of heavy and light lines

A

roman letters

61
Q

measurement or acquisition of some property of an object or phenomenon, by a recording device that is not in physical contact with the object or phenomenon under study.

A

remote sensing

62
Q

Waves propagate through space in the form of sine waves. These waves are characterized by two fields, _______________________ and _______________________, which are perpendicular to each other.

A

electrical and magnetic

63
Q

speed of light (c= 3x10^8 m/s)

A

velocity

63
Q

is the length of wave cycle, measured in meters (m) or some factor of meters:

A

Wavelength (ג)

63
Q

refers to the number of cycles of a wave passing a fixed point per unit of time. Normally measured in Hertz (Hz).

A

Frequency (v)

63
Q

T or F, the longer the wavelength, the lower the frequency

A

true

63
Q

The continuum of energy that ranges from m to nm in wavelength, travels at the speed of light, and propagates through a vacuum such as outer space.

A

Electromagnetic Spectrum

63
Q

T or F, the shorter the wavelength, the higher the frequency

A

true

63
Q

frequently used in remote sensing, vegetation

A

NIR (near infrared)

63
Q

region that is highly used for remote sensing

A

visible region

63
Q

is a hypothetical ideal radiator that
totally absorbs and re-emits
all energy incident upon it.

A

blackbody

63
Q

The thermal energy radiated by a blackbody radiator per second per unit area is proportional to the 4th power of the absolute temperature.

A

Stefan-Boltzmann Law

63
Q

The energy emitted by an object is a
function of its temperature.

A

Planck’s Law

64
Q

When the temperature of a blackbody radiator increases, the overall radiated energy increases and the peak of the radiation curve moves to shorter wavelengths.

A

Wien’s Displacement Law

65
Q

Wavelength at which maximum energy is emitted is
the ‘color’ of emitting object is called the _______.

A

brightness temperature

66
Q

the ____ of the surface of a material is its effectiveness in emitting energy as thermal radiation.

A

emissivity

67
Q

When the incoming solar radiation passes through the atmosphere, it may come in contact with atmospheric particles and gases

A

scattering and absorption

68
Q
A
69
Q

The gases absorb the EM radiation at specific wavelengths called _______.

A

absorption bands

70
Q

However, the high interviewing transmittance regions are often known as ____.

A

atmospheric windows

71
Q

When the incoming radiation and light passes through the atmosphere, it will be affected by the atmospheric particles, and this will result in the redirection of the light from its original path.

A

scattering

72
Q

_______________ occurs when particles (O, N molecules) are very small when compared to incoming solar radiation.

A

rayleigh scattering

73
Q

_____________________ occurs when the incoming solar radiation and the atmospheric particles have the same size (dust, pollen, smoke and water vapor).

A

mie scattering

74
Q

______ occurs when lower atmosphere contains sufficient number of suspended aerosols – diameters 10 x larger than wavelengths under consideration (water droplets, dust and ice crystals).

A

non-selective scattering

75
Q

has a distinctive reflectance curve: Absorption in blue, Reflection in green, Absorption in red, Strong reflection in NIR

A

Green vegetation

75
Q

Every natural and synthetic object on the earth’s surface and near surface reflects and emits EMR over a range of wavelengths in its own characteristic way according to its chemical and physical state

A

spectral signature

76
Q

Increasing level of reflectance with increasing wavelength, particularly in the visible and NIR portions

A

SOIL

77
Q

unmanned vehicle (air,land, sea) can navigate autonomously without human control or beyond the line of sight

A

drone or UAV/UAS

78
Q

T/F. A drone is considered an aircraft

A

True

79
Q

The LMB ______ recognizes UAS as one of the instruments that may be used in the conduct of land survey

A

Memorandum Circular (LMC) No, 2017-003

80
Q

_______ type of UAV is preferred in surveying larger areas

A

Fixed-wing

81
Q

The ____technique requires multiple, overlapping photos as input to feature extraction of 3D reconstruction algorithms using bundle adjustment procedures

A

SfM (structure from motion)

82
Q

refers to the perception of depth and 3d structure associated with binocular vision

A

stereopsis/stereoscopic depth

83
Q

UAS mapping research show that forward overlaps of ____ % yield accurate mapping results

A

80

84
Q

UAS mapping research show that side-laps of ____ % yield accurate mapping results

A

70

85
Q

flight plans should be referenced to ____ datum.

A

wgs84

86
Q

photographic image with uniform scale throughout

A

orthophoto

87
Q

VTOL means

A

verical take-off and landing

88
Q

Traditional photogrammetry relies on ____ for aerial
triangulation to general supplementary photocontrol
points while UAV photogrammetry uses
numerous identifiable ground _____ matched by
software to rectify the aerial images.

A

GCPs; features

89
Q

Small UAVs have take-off weights for mapping
purposes from ______ kgs and are equipped with
non-metric digital camera in the ______ megapixel
range.

A

1 to 5; 10 to 16

90
Q

The SfM technique incorporates two automatic
feature-matching algorithms, namely:

A

Multi-view Stereopsis (MvS)
/Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT)

91
Q

This is utilized to validate UAS products by using a
network of ground validation points with highly
accurate 3D coordinates determined by
established terrestrial surveys methods.

A

Test bed

92
Q

Who is in-charge in calibrating and registering UAS
that will be used for land surveying pursual to
Section 22, DAO No. 2007-29?

A

LMB-GSD

93
Q

As part of survey returns, hardcopy of ortho-image
covering the entire project shall be printed on
paper not exceeding _______.

A

54 x 54 cm

94
Q

What is the meaning of IVAS?

A

Inspection, Verification and Approval of Survey

95
Q

Resolution in aerial photography is measured as
_______.

A

Ground Sample Distance (GSD)

96
Q

T/F. In validating UAV data, more ground control points
(scattered around the area being mapped)
permit more accurate results.

A

true

97
Q

The coordinates of GCPs should be connected to
either NAMRIA or DENR-LMS stations, referenced to
WGS84 or PRS92 Datum using either electronic
total station of by differential GNSS to an accuracy
less than ____ cm.

A

2

98
Q

The GCPs are _____ identified on the images

A

manually

99
Q

_____ is used to generate a surface model in the
form of polygon mesh/TIN or raster format.

A

Geodetic Engineering Boards (5 decks)

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