Cartilage tissue engineering Flashcards
what is tissue regeneration
the regrowth of a damaged or missing organ part from the remaining tissue. complete restoration of the original tissue
what human organs can regenerate themselves
liver and skin
what tissues can’t regenerate themselves
cartilage ad nervous tissue
what is tissue engineering
tissue engineering evolved from the field of biomaterials and involves the practice of combing scaffolds, cells and biologically active molecules into functional tissues
name types of clinical applications which involves tissue engineering
structural replacement e.g. cosmetic reconstruction
functional replacement e.g musculoskeletal tissues
wound healing e.g autologous skin grafts in burn patients, chronic wounds and corneal replacement
what is regenerative medicine
it is a broad field which involves tissue engineering but also involves researching tissue regeneration where the body uses its own systems, with the help of foreign biological materials to recreate cells and rebuild tissues and organs.
what do cell precursors do
produce ECM and/or synthesis and release of bioactive molecules e.g. growth factors
what type of cells are derived from healthy or pathological tissues in tissue engineering
autologous
heterologous (allogeneic)
xenogeneic
what can be used as sources for cells in tissue engineering
skin biopsy
bone marrow
placenta
what types/ origin of cells are used in tissue engineering
mesenchymal stem cells
embryonic stem cells
genetically manipulated cells iPSC)
native cells of a tissue e.g chondrocytes, skin fibroblasts
name some bioactive molecules
growth factors
interleukins
anti-inflammatory molecules
enzymes
what natural products are used to produce scaffolds for tissue growth in humans
purified collagens (usually type I)
fibronectin
fibrin
hyaluronan
decellularised extracellular matrix
what natural products are used to produce scaffolds for tissue growth in plants
silk
plant polysaccharides e.g cellulose
animal polysaccharides e.g chitin
what are some synthetic biomaterials that provide scaffold for tissue growth
polylactic acid (PLA)
polyglycolic acid (PGA)
carbon fibres
hydroxyapatite
name some common knee sports injuries
anterior cruciate ligament injuries
collateral ligament injuries
meniscal cartilage tears
cartilage lesions (e.g osteochondritis dissecans)
ALL OF THESE CAN LEAD TO OSTEOARTHRITIS
