Cartilage And Bone Flashcards
Which of the following cells is most likely responsible for synthesis of osteoid tissue
Osteoblasts
Which process does not occur in adult bones
Modeling
Which cell is most likely stimulated by parathyroid hormone
Osteoclasts
New bone formed at the fracture site is most likely what kind of bone
Woven bone
In response to hypercalcemia, which of the following hormones and cells are most likely to increase in activity
Calcitonin
Osteoblasts
During bone remodeling, cells lining the osteons switch from one type to another type. Which of the following switches most likely occurs when a resorption cavity switches to a forming osteon.
Osteoclasts to osteoblasts
An excessive production of growth hormone in adult animals is most likely to cause what disease
Acromegaly
What cell type is responsible for transporting nutrients from the Haversian canal to the periphery of an osteon
Endothelium
Osteoclasts have their origin from
Monocytes
Which cell type would line the Haversian canal of a resorption cavity
Osteoclasts
Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells of the periosteum will differentiate into what cell at a fracture site if u fail to maintain blood flow
Chondroblast
Mesenchymal (stem) cells in the periosteum at a fracture site will differentiate into which of the following cell types if the blood supply is not maintained
Chondroblasts
Cartilage is harder than CT due to what
chondromucoid matrix
3 types of cartilage
hyaline (most prevalent)
elastic
fibrous
which two types of cartilage is surrounded by perichondrium
hyaline and fibrous
Where is hyaline cartilage found
most long bones in the fetus and young animals
articular cartilage in adult bones
walls of respiratory passages( nose, trachea, larynx, bronchioles )
hyaline cartilage contains what type of collagen
type 2 collagen
Two cell types in cartilage
Chrondroblasts
Chrondrocyte
This cell type is found in growing cartilage
Chrondoblast
Actively forms the matrix of cartilage that surrounds the perimeter of the cell
chondroblast
After cartilage formation is complete, the chondroblast becomes a less active cell
chondrocyte
chondrocytes lie in a space called a __
lacuna
The major cartilage collagen is
type 2
Where is elastic cartilage located
epiglottis, ear, auditory tube
you can stain elastic cartilage with what
van gieson or weigert elastic stain
How is fibrous cartilage similar to dense connective tissue
it contains type 1 collagen fibers
where is fibrous cartilage found
intervertebral disks, pubic symphysis, insertions of some tendons
What is the difference between appositional and interstitial growth of cartilage
Interstitial is within tissue- results from cell division of preexisting chondrocytes
Appositional growth is on the surface of tissue- chondroblasts deposit collagen or matrix on surface of preexisting cartilage
Functions of bone
protection, movement, electrolyte balance, blood formation
bone forming cell
osteoblasts
What cell synthesizes osteiod (type 1 collagen and ground substance)
osteoblasts
osteoblasts differentiate from
mesenchymal stem cells
osteoprogenitor cells can differentiate into osteoblasts. what stimulates this
stress and fractures
mature osteoblasts surrounded by their own matrix, enclosed in lacunae.
osteocyte
function of osteocyte
maintain bone density and blood concentration of calcium and phosphate
what kind of junctions are present to provide communication between osteocytes
gap junctions
osteocytes are interconnected by slender channels called
canaliculi
function of osteoclasts
bone resorption and remodeling
osteoclasts lie in pits called
howship’s lacunae
bone grows by interstitial or appositional? why
appositional , cells cannot multiply in a calcified matrix
compact vs spongy bone
compact bone is arranged in haversian systems
spongy bone has a trabecular appearance and found in interior of bone
what is the difference between intramembranous and endochondral ossification
endochondral- bone develops from a preexisting model of hyaline cartilage
this hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland, stimulated overall growth of the body, especially that of the epiphyseal plate
growth hormone
excessive growth hormone during growing years causes what
giantism
excessive growth hormone during adult years causes
acromegaly
deficiency of growth hormone during growing years causes
dwarfism
decrease in bone mass associated with a normal ratio of mineral to matrix results from decreased bone formation, increased bone resorption, or both
osteoporosis
osteoporosis commonly occurs in:
old age, postmenopausal women, and immobile patients
results from calcium deficiency in adults ; characterized by deficient calcification of newly formed bone and already formed bone
osteomalacia
results from calcium deficiency (vitamin d deficiency is the common cause) in children, characterized by deformed epiphyseal plates
rickets
genetic disorder characterized by heavy bones due to defective osteoclastic activity
osteopetrosis
What permits connection between the Haversian canal and lacuna ?
Canaliculi
Epiphyseal plate is also known as
Growth plate
What are some examples of where Intramembranous ossification happen
Flat bones of skull
Pelvic girdle
Part of scapula
Growth plates are only in
Immature animals
Different zones of the epiphyseal(growth) plates
From epiphysis to diaphysis :
Zone of reserved cartilage (randomly arranged Chondrocytes, no proliferation )
Zone of proliferation (Chondrocytes undergo diffusion and are organized into columns)
Zone of hypertrophy(Chondrocytes and lacunae are enlarged)
Zone of calcification (matrix begins to mineralized,Chondrocytes die)
Zone of ossification (osteoblasts deposit osteoid on cartilage)
