Cartilage And Bone Flashcards
What are the three types of cartilage?
Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
What is cartilage?
A resilient, avascular connective tissue consisting of chondrocytes which produce and maintain an extensive extracellular matrix.
In addition to the elements of a hyaline cartilage matrix, what type of collagen is in fibrocartilage?
Type I collagen.
What are the two main functions of cartilage?
Provide support for soft tissues and sliding of joints.
What do you call a group of chondrocytes recently divided?
Isogenous group.
Where is hyaline cartilage found?
Larynx, trachea, bronchus, ear, nose, ribs, articulating surfaces.
What is perichondrium?
Dense connective tissue surrounding hyaline and elastic cartilage.
How is perichondrium involved in cartilage growth?
Appositional growth, contains fibroblast-like cells which develop into chondroblasts, then chondrocytes.
Why do articulating surfaces not have perichondrium?
It would be worn away in the joint.
How is the synthetic activity of chondrocytes directed?
By mechanical, electrical and chemical signals created by pressure loads applied on the cartilage.
What is contained in the matrix of hyaline cartilage?
Hyaluronate proteoglycan aggregates and type II collagen.
How do articulating surfaces receive nutrients if not through perichondrium?
Synovial fluid.
What is the deposition of further matrix by isogenous groups known as?
Interstitial growth.
How is the intercellular matrix resilient to varying pressure loads?
It is highly hydrated.
What do chondrocytes lie in?
Lacunae
Where is fibrocartilage found?
Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, articular discs of knee menisci and temporomandibular and sternoclavicular joints.
What part within a bone is produced by hyaline cartilage?
Epiphyseal growth plate
What type of matrix surrounds lacunae and what does it have a high concentration of?
Territorial matrix, sulphated GAGs
What two types of tissue is fibrocartilage a combination of?
Dense regular connective tissue, hyaline cartilage
What is the relationship between chondrocytes and extracellular matrix?
Chondrocytes produce and maintain the EM.
Why is fibrocartilage considered to have no perichondrium?
Blends with other tissues such as tendons or hyaline cartilage.
What is the extracellular matrix replaced by in fibrocartilage?
Coarse collagen fibres which are parallel to direction of main stress on structure.
What are the two types of bone?
Cancellous and compact.
What are the two arrangement of lamellae in compact bone?
Concentrically
What two cell types are in fibrocartilage?
Chondrocytes, fibroblasts
Where is elastic cartilage found?
External ear (pinna), external acoustic meatus, epiglottis, Eustachian tube
