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Module 9 > Cartilage > Flashcards

Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

Perichondrium

A

Connective tissue surrounding cartilage:

  • Outer fibrous layer (fibroblasts, collagen type I)
  • Inner cellular layer (chondrogenic precursors & chondroblasts)
  • Blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics
  • Repair & appositional growth
  • Does NOT surround articular cartilage & fibrocartilage
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2
Q

What is represented in the image

A

Cartilage with perichondrium

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3
Q

what is depicted in the image

A

Perichondrium: dense CT sheath that surrounds cartilage. It acts as the capsule of the cartilage. It is formed by a dense layer of CT intermediate between dense irregular and dense regular. It contains abundant blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics, as well as fibroblasts. The inner layer of the perichondrium contains cells that look like fibroblasts, but are really chondroblasts. Chondroblasts will differentiate into chondrocytes

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4
Q

label the arrows depicted in the image?

A
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5
Q

Label the areas circled blue

A

Chondrocytes

  • fully differentiated ECM-forming cells (low mitotic activity)
  • embedded in ECM

Spaces – lacunae Groups – isogenous units

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6
Q

What is depicted in the image ?

A

Chondrocytes

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7
Q

What is depicted in the image

A

Isogenous groups

Cells within a single lacuna

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8
Q

What do the green circles depict ?

A

Chondroblasts

• proliferating undifferentiated cells that begin to synthesize ECM elements

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9
Q

What type of cartilage is this?

A

Hyaline Cartilage

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10
Q

What type of cartilage is this?

A

Elastic Cartilage

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11
Q

What type of cartilage is this?

A

Fibrocartilage

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12
Q

Where is this cartilage located and what type is it ?

A

Trachea

Hyaline

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13
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Provides support, flexibility, & resilience. The most abundant skeletal cartilage.

  • Fibrillar protein phenotype: type II collagen
  • Highly hydrated matrix

Present in these cartilages:

  • articular – covers the ends of long bones (articular cartilage)
  • epiphyseal plates and fetal development
  • costal – connects ribs to sternum
  • respiratory – makes up larynx/trachea and reinforces air passages
  • nasal – supports the nose
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14
Q

Hyaline cartilage function?

A

provides smooth, low-friction surfaces in joints, structural support for respiratory tract

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15
Q

What type of cartilage is this?

A

Hyaline

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16
Q

What type of cartilage is this?

A

Young Hyaline Cartilage

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17
Q

What type of cartilage is this?

A

Mature Hyaline Cartilage

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18
Q

Where is this cartilage located?

A

Trachea

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19
Q

What is depicted in the image?

A

• Covers surfaces of articulating bones in synovial joints. Does not heal (replaced by fibrocartilage scar tissue).

Articular hyaline cartilage is made up of 4 poorly demarcated zones:

  • Superficial [SZ] (gliding surface – small rounded chondrocytes parallel to surface)
  • Intermediate [IZ] (chondrocytes become larger and slowly change orientation)
  • Deep [DZ] (large rounded chondrocytes arranged in vertical column)
  • Calcified cartilage [CZ] (separates hyaline cartilage from subchondral bone)
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20
Q

What type of cartilage is this and what does the arrow indicate?

A

Articular cartilage

-This is not a perichondrium! The superficial zone of articular cartilage may appear dark due to changing matrix characteristics.

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21
Q

What is depicted by the image

A

Articular cartilage

22
Q

What is depicted by the image

A

Fibrocartilage

23
Q

What is depicted by the image

A

Fibrocartilage

24
Q

Examples:

  • menisci of synovial joints
  • intervertebral discs (annulus fibrosis)
  • pubic symphysis
  • TMJ
  • Point of attachment of tendons to bone

What type of cartilage is found here?

A

Fibrocartilage

25
Q

Fibrocartilage function?

A

provides cushioning, tensile strength, & resistance to tearing & compression

26
Q

Fibrocartilage

A
  • Highly compressed with great tensile strength. Acts like a combination of dense CT & hyaline cartilage. No perichondrium.
  • type I and II collagen
27
Q

what is depicted in the image?

A

Fibrocartilage

28
Q

What is depicted in the image

A

Fibrocartilage

ECM: extracellular matrix

Ch: chondrocytes within lacuna

C: type I collagen fibers (thin dark lines within ECM)

29
Q

Elastic cartilage

A
  • Similar to hyaline cartilage but contains elastic fibers. Maintains the shape of a structure while allowing flexibility.
  • Fibrillar protein phenotype: type II collagen and elastin
30
Q

Elastic cartilage examples?

A

epiglottis, external ear

31
Q

What is depicted in the image

A

Elastic cartilage

32
Q

What is depicted in the image

A

Elastic cartilage

33
Q

What is depicted in the image

A

Elastic cartilage

34
Q

What type of cartilage is this and where is it?

A

Elastic cartilage

Epiglottis

35
Q

What type of cartilage is this

A

Elastic Cartilage

36
Q

What is depicted in the image?

A
37
Q

What is depicted in the image

A

Elastic cartilage

ECM: extracellular matrix

P: perichondrium

EF: elastic fiber (black fibers throughout ECM)

Ch: chondrocytes within lacuna

38
Q

Cartilage formation

A
  • Mesenchymal cells differentiation & aggregation
  • Synthesis: collagen types, elastin, aggrecan
39
Q

What is depicted in the image

A

Condensed mesenchyme

40
Q

What is depicted in the image

A

Chondrogenesis

41
Q

Chondrogenesis

A

Mature matrix formation

• Bound water facilitates diffusion of nutrients and oxygen to the cells of cartilage and confers a gellike matrix

42
Q

What is depicted in the image

A

Chondrocytes in growing cartilage

43
Q

Cartilage repair

A
  • Limited ability to repair after injury
  • Formation of repair cartilage from perichondrium (matrix of repair cartilage has mixed properties of hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage)
44
Q

What is depicted

A

Cartilage repair

45
Q

Tumor in Cartilage tissue?

A

Chondrosarcoma

46
Q

What is this

A

Chondrosarcoma

47
Q

Chondrosarcoma

A
  • Tumor in cartilage tissue
  • Normal matrix
  • Do not metastasize
  • Treatment is surgical
48
Q

Zone of reserve cartilage

A
  • Farthest from the diaphysis
  • Hyaline cartilage
  • Proliferating
  • Randomly arranged chondrocytes
49
Q

What is depicted in the image by the arrow

A

Zone of reserve cartilage

50
Q
A
51
Q

What is depicted in the image by the arrow

A

Zone of proliferation

  • Proliferating chondrocytes
  • Beginning to form isogenous groups
  • Arranged in rows parallel to the long axis of the bone

Module 9 (1 decks)

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