Cartilage

Question 1

Chondroblasts

Chondrocytes

Matrix

Fibers

Ground Substance

Answer 1

Immature cells secreting cartilage matrix

Mature cells in lacunae surrouned by matrix

Territorial vs Interterriotorial matrix

Type II Collage predominant (Type I present in Fibrocartilage and outer Perichondrium) and Elastin fibers present in Elastic Cartilage

Hyaluronic Acid, Chondroitin Sulfate, Keratin Sulfate, Aggrecan

Question 2

Hyaline Cartilage

Surrounded by?

Collage type?

Location?

Chondrocytes found in what?

Answer 2

Perichondrium (Articular cartilage lacks Perichondrium)

Type II Collagen

Articular Cartilage, Larynx, Trachea, Ribs, Embryonic development

Isogenous groups

Question 3

Cartilage Matrix

Territorial Matrix

Interterritorial Matrix

Answer 3

Moderately staining, consisting of Type II collagen around isogenous groups

Less intensely staining, consisting of Type II collagen between isogenous groups

Question 4

Perichondrium

Type of tissue

What types of cartilage?

Fibrous Layer

Chrondrogenic Layer

Answer 4

Dense Irregular CT (with vascular supply)

Hyaline and Elastic Cartilage only

Outer layer (produces type I collagen and elastin) - transitional zone between cartilage and surrounding general CT

Inner layer that differentiates into chondroblasts (produces type II collagen)

Question 5

Elastic Cartilage

Components making up this type of cartilage

Function

Location

Answer 5

Hyaline cartilage and elastic fibers

Retains shape after deformation and elastic fibers allow for recoil/rebound

External ear, epiglottis

Question 6

Fibrocartilage

Combination of what two components?

Collagen types

Location

Fiber orientation

Function

Answer 6

Hyaline cartilage and dense regular CT

Type I predominant (some Type II)

IV Discs, Pubic Symphysis, TMJ

Direction of functional stress

Withstand shearing and compression forces

Question 7

Osteoarthritis

Answer 7

Superficial layer of articular cartilage disrupted

Destruction of cartilage extends to bone

Question 8

Articular Cartilage

Collagen fiber orientation

Superficial Zone

Intermediate Zone

Deep Zone

Calcified Zone

Answer 8

Run perpendicular to tissue surface and bend gradually to form an arc

Chondrocytes small, flattened parallel along with collagen fibers

Chondrocytes (alone/isongenous groups) larger, collagen runs obliquely through matrix

Large chondrocytes in radial columns oriented perpendicular along with collagen fibers

Rests on cortex of bone, stains slightly darker than other matrix

Question 9

Synoviocytes

Type A Macrophage-like synovial cells

Type B Fibroblast-like synovial cells

Answer 9

Phagocytic (lysosomes clearing articular cavity of debris)

Produce synovial fluid and hyaluronate (lubricates articular cartilage)

Question 10

Synovial Joints

Articular Capsule

Synovial Membrane

Articular cartilage

Answer 10

Outer fibrous layer made of dense regular CT

Lines joint cavity (except articular cartilage) and produces synovial fluid

Avascular hyaline cartilage that reduces friction

Question 11

Cartilage Repair

Repair cartilage forms when what happens?

Answer 11

Perichondrium is involved (healing of bone fracture)

Question 12

Appositional Growth

Process?

Answer 12

Growth of new chondrogenic cells from the inner layer of the perichondrium (chondrogenic layer)

Question 13

Interstitial Growth

Process

Answer 13

Chondrocytes divide within lacunae and isongenous groups