Cartilage Flashcards
Name three types of cartilage?
Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
Cartilage is avascular, main function of cartilage?
Support soft tissue in growth and development of long bones.
Identifiable characteristics of hyaline cartilage?
Collagen 2, basophillic matrix, chondrocytes arranged in isogeneous groups.
Perichondrium present, not in articular surfaces.
Identifiable characteristics of elastic cartilage?
Type 2 collagen.
Elastic fibers.
Perichondrium present
Identifiable characteristics of fibrocartilage?
No perichondrium.
Type 1 collagen.
Chondrocytes arranged in parallel rows. With type 1 collagen in between.
Associated with hyaline cartilage/dense collagenous tissue.
What is found in hyaline cartilage matrix?
Type 2 collagen
Chondonectin
Proteoglycan aggregates
2 different types of matrix in hyaline cartilage?
Territorial matrix - low collagen, rich in proteoglycans -> stains more deeply than:
Inter-territorial matrix
Where is fibrocartilage found?
Intervertebral disc, articular insertion, meniscus of knee, pubic symphysis.
Where is hyaline cartilage found?
Articular surface long end of bone, larynx, pharyx, endochrondral ossification, ventral ends of ribs, nose, bronchi
Where is elastic cartilage found?
Epiglottis, pinna of ear, auditory canal and tube, some laryngeal cartilage
What is function of perichondrium?
Blood supply to Avascular cartilage.
What is perichondrium and structure?
Dense irregular CT surround cartilage except elastic cartilage and hyaline cartilage at articular surfaces.
Outer layer - fibroblasts, collagen 1, blood supply
Inner layer - chondrocytes, chondrogenic cells
Chrondroblasts function and structural contents?
They arise from mesenchymal cells, under certain conditions M cells differentiate and produce cartilage.
Produce cartilage matrix.
For passage of nutrients to and waste from the cell.
Via blood supply in outer perichondrium.
Control metabolic process.
Chondrocytes? (2) part one
Mature cartilage cells in matrix in lacuna.
Mesenchymal chondrogenic cell/chondroblasts (earliest cells to produce matrix -> chondrocytes (once in matrix)
Chondrocytes (2) part 2
In matrix - located superficially ovoid shape.
Located centrally spherical shape. Hyaline C -> 4-8 in a isogenous group.
Which hormones stimulate cartilage histogenesis?
Thyroxine, testosterone, somatotropin
Which hormones inhibit cartilage histogenesis?
Cortisone, hydrocortisone, estradiol
Which type of histogenesis occurs only in early stages of cartilage formation and in the articular and epiphyseal cartilage of long bones?
Interstitial growth.
Cell division of pre-existing chondrocytes.
What is appositional growth?
Histogenesis of cartilage.
Chondrogenic cells in perichondrium differentiate into chondrocytes. Formation of a new layer of chondrocytes in matrix.
Function of elastic cartilage?
Flexible support
Function of fibrocartilage?
Support and tensile strength - where tissues exposed to compressive and sheer forces.
Eg sternoclavicular joints, public symphysis, knee meniscus, intervertebral disk.
Degeneration of cartilage?
Chondrocytes hypertrophy - die - matrix calcified.
Increases with age
Normal in bone formation(endochondral ossification)
What is arthritis and give 5 symptoms (prssr)?
Degeneration of hyaline cartilage at joints/articular surfaces. Joint pain Restriction Swelling Stiffness Redness
What is a lymph node?
Oval shaped organ of lymphatic system.
Produce T, B cells immune response
5 function of Cartilage?
Embryo bone formation
Articular surface reduce friction
Development of long bones
Support soft tissue in development of long bones
