Cartilage

Question 0

Name three types of cartilage?

Answer 0

Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

Question 1

Cartilage is avascular, main function of cartilage?

Answer 1

Support soft tissue in growth and development of long bones.

Question 2

Identifiable characteristics of hyaline cartilage?

Answer 2

Collagen 2, basophillic matrix, chondrocytes arranged in isogeneous groups.
Perichondrium present, not in articular surfaces.

Question 3

Identifiable characteristics of elastic cartilage?

Answer 3

Type 2 collagen.
Elastic fibers.
Perichondrium present

Question 4

Identifiable characteristics of fibrocartilage?

Answer 4

No perichondrium.
Type 1 collagen.
Chondrocytes arranged in parallel rows. With type 1 collagen in between.

Associated with hyaline cartilage/dense collagenous tissue.

Question 5

What is found in hyaline cartilage matrix?

Answer 5

Type 2 collagen
Chondonectin
Proteoglycan aggregates

Question 6

2 different types of matrix in hyaline cartilage?

Answer 6

Territorial matrix - low collagen, rich in proteoglycans -> stains more deeply than:
Inter-territorial matrix

Question 7

Where is fibrocartilage found?

Answer 7

Intervertebral disc, articular insertion, meniscus of knee, pubic symphysis.

Question 8

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

Answer 8

Articular surface long end of bone, larynx, pharyx, endochrondral ossification, ventral ends of ribs, nose, bronchi

Question 9

Where is elastic cartilage found?

Answer 9

Epiglottis, pinna of ear, auditory canal and tube, some laryngeal cartilage

Question 10

What is function of perichondrium?

Answer 10

Blood supply to Avascular cartilage.

Question 11

What is perichondrium and structure?

Answer 11

Dense irregular CT surround cartilage except elastic cartilage and hyaline cartilage at articular surfaces.

Outer layer - fibroblasts, collagen 1, blood supply
Inner layer - chondrocytes, chondrogenic cells

Question 12

Chrondroblasts function and structural contents?

They arise from mesenchymal cells, under certain conditions M cells differentiate and produce cartilage.

Answer 12

Produce cartilage matrix.
For passage of nutrients to and waste from the cell.
Via blood supply in outer perichondrium.
Control metabolic process.

Question 13

Chondrocytes? (2) part one

Answer 13

Mature cartilage cells in matrix in lacuna.

Mesenchymal chondrogenic cell/chondroblasts (earliest cells to produce matrix -> chondrocytes (once in matrix)

Question 14

Chondrocytes (2) part 2

Answer 14

In matrix - located superficially ovoid shape.

Located centrally spherical shape. Hyaline C -> 4-8 in a isogenous group.

Question 15

Which hormones stimulate cartilage histogenesis?

Answer 15

Thyroxine, testosterone, somatotropin

Question 16

Which hormones inhibit cartilage histogenesis?

Answer 16

Cortisone, hydrocortisone, estradiol

Question 17

Which type of histogenesis occurs only in early stages of cartilage formation and in the articular and epiphyseal cartilage of long bones?

Answer 17

Interstitial growth.

Cell division of pre-existing chondrocytes.

Question 18

What is appositional growth?

Answer 18

Histogenesis of cartilage.

Chondrogenic cells in perichondrium differentiate into chondrocytes. Formation of a new layer of chondrocytes in matrix.

Question 19

Function of elastic cartilage?

Answer 19

Flexible support

Question 20

Function of fibrocartilage?

Answer 20

Support and tensile strength - where tissues exposed to compressive and sheer forces.
Eg sternoclavicular joints, public symphysis, knee meniscus, intervertebral disk.

Question 21

Degeneration of cartilage?

Answer 21

Chondrocytes hypertrophy - die - matrix calcified.
Increases with age
Normal in bone formation(endochondral ossification)

Question 22

What is arthritis and give 5 symptoms (prssr)?

Answer 22

Degeneration of hyaline cartilage at joints/articular surfaces.
Joint pain
Restriction
Swelling
Stiffness
Redness

Question 23

What is a lymph node?

Answer 23

Oval shaped organ of lymphatic system.

Produce T, B cells immune response

Question 24

5 function of Cartilage?

Answer 24

Embryo bone formation
Articular surface reduce friction
Development of long bones
Support soft tissue in development of long bones