Cartilage Flashcards
Connective tissue specialized to function as a
supporting or weight-bearing tissue
CARTILAGE
It has a firm pliable matrix that resists mechanical
stress.
Acts as template for bone formation
CARTILAGE
Three types of cartilage:
- Hyaline
- Elastic
- Fibrocartilage
BASIC COMPONENTS of cartilage
PERICHONDRIUM
MATRIX
CARTILAGE CELLS
Vascular and supply nutrients to the cell.
PERICHONDRIUM
Makes up the ground substance -
Glycosaminoglycans & Proteoglycans
Elastic and Collagen Fibers
MATRIX
Cartilage cells within small cavities called
lacunae
Chondrogenic Cells, Chondroblast, Chondrocyte
CARTILAGE CELLS
Most abundant & template for endochondral bone
formation.
Bluish-gray, semitranslucent, pliable
Hyaline Cartilage
Found in Nose & Larynx, Coastal Cartilage, Cartilage
of Larynx (thyroid and cricoid cartilage), Bronchi &
Articulating, Articulating Surface of Joints.
Hyaline Cartilage
Yellow in fresh state and opaque.The presence of collagen fibers and elastic
Elastic Cartilage
▪ Found in the Pinna of the Ear, Epiglottis, Medial Part
of Auditory tubes.
Elastic Cartilage
Very tough and strong but resilient
Has great tensile strength and consider strength.
Fibrocartilage
Found in the Pinna of the Ear, Epiglottis, Medial Part
of Auditory tubes.
Elastic Cartilage
A highly vascularized living connective tissue in which
the matrix is calcified by the deposition of calcium
phosphates.
It provides shape and support for the body
BONE
Protects vital organ and helps transmission of body
weight.
For muscle attachment and levers for locomotion
Involve in erythropoiesis
BONE
type of bones
- COMPACT
- SPONGY/CANCELLOUS
- DIPLOIC BONES
The very dense bone on the outside
surface made of bony plates arrange compactly.
COMPACT
The porous portion lining
the morrow cavity. This is irregular arrangement of
lamellae with spaces called trabeculae/spicules
SPONGY/CANCELLOUS
Is made up of inner and outer
tables of compact bone with interval. The interval is
occupied by bone marrow and diploic veins.
DIPLOIC BONES
Mineral salts which is 65% of its dry weight.
▪ A substance is formed called hydroxyapatite
crystals. (40 nm x 25 nm x 1.5-3 nm)
▪ Hydration shell is formed that permits ion
exchange with the extracellular fluid.
inorganic component
becomes flexible that can be bent like
a rubber.
Decalcified –
35% of its dry weight
▪ Type I collagen fibers present.
▪ Acidic polysaccharides are present.
▪ Glycoproteins and Proteoglycan are also present.
organic component
Gross classification of bones
- LONG BONES
- SHORT BONES
- FLAT BONES
- IRREGULAR BONES
- SESAMOID BONES
Gross classification of bones: Has shaft between two heads
LONG BONES
Gross classification of bones: Same width and length
SHORT BONES
Gross classification of bones: Thin and Plate-like
FLAT BONES
Gross classification of bones: Irregular shaped
IRREGULAR BONES
Gross classification of bones: Developed within tendon where increase the
mechanical advantage for muscle across joints.
SESAMOID BONES
ex of flat bone
parietal bone
ex irregular bone
vertebra
ex of long bone
humerus
ex short bones
carpal bones
Macroscopic structure
- Medullary Cavity
- Bone Marrow
- Periosteum
- Endosteum
Cylindrical cavity inside the shaft filled with
bone marrow
Medullary Cavity
Hemopoietic organ
Bone Marrow
Connective tissue covering on the external
portion of the bone.
Periosteum
Lining at the medullary cavity.
Lined with monolayer of cells. (osteoprogenitor
cells & osteoblast).
Endosteum
Bone Cells
- OSTEOPROGENITOR CELLS
- OSTEOBLAST
- OSTEOCYTES
- OSTEOCLAST
Undergo mitosis and differentiates into osteoblast.
▪ Appears as flattened cells with slightly staining, elongate, or ovoid nuclei.
OSTEOPROGENITOR CELLS
OSTEOPROGENITOR CELLS The cytoplasm is
inconspicuous acidophilic or
slightly basophilic cytoplasm
It also function for the maintenance and nutritional
support of osteocytes in the underlying matrix.
OSTEOPROGENITOR CELLS
Synthesis of organic components of matrix
▪ Its organelles are polarized
▪ It form gap junction from neighboring cells.
OSTEOBLAST
Mature bone cells trapped in lacunae.
▪ 20,000 – 30,000/mm3
▪ Responsible for maintenance of bone matrix.
▪ It has a canaliculi a fine tunnel that contract
neighboring cells.
OSTEOCYTES
Smaller in size due to reduced perinuclear capsule.
▪ The nucleus is very prominent
OSTEOCYTES
Originating from granulocyte-macrophage
progenitors.
* It is multinucleated cells responsible for resorbing bone.
OSTEOCLAST
HOWSHIP’S LACUNAE
- BASAL ZONE
- RUFFLED BORDER
- CLEAR ZONE
- VASICULAR ZONE
Hold most organelles and located farthest from Howship lacuna
BASAL ZONE
Cell portion directly involved in cell resorption which
forms the sub osteoclastic compartment
RUFFLED BORDER
- Immediately surrounding the periphery of the
ruffled border. - The presence of actin microfilament forms the actin
ring. - Sealing Zone is present.
CLEAR ZONE
It has lysosomal enzymes and metalloproteinases.
* Between the basal zone and the ruffled border
VASICULAR ZONE
