Cars Flashcards
What factors affect fuel consumption
Engine size, larger engines use more fuel
The energy required to increase kinetic energy
Energy and force required to work against friction
Driving style and speed, more accelerating/ braking uses more fuel
Different road conditions
Tyre pressure
In a car accident why do people experience a large force (which can cause injuries)
Driver and passengers decelerate very quickly experiencing a large change of momentum as their velocity decreases to zero rapidly 🚘
Why is it important crumple zones and seat belts change shape
This lengthens the time the person takes to stop
Their momentum changes over a longer time
They experience less force and suffer fewer injuries
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Give some safety features that prevent accidents in cars
Anti-lock braking systems-prevent tyres from skidding,car stops quick and driver controls steering. Increases area of tyres in contact with road
Traction control- prevents skidding when accelerating, driver can escape quickly from danger
Electric windows- operate windows when driving, less distraction
Paddle shift controls- driver keeps hands on wheel for gear change etc
Why do seat belts have to be replaced after a crash
What is the UK law regarding seatbelts
They have to be replaced after a crash as they are damaged after the force of a body against them
It is compulsory to wear a seat belt
How can the stopping forces experienced by people in a crash by reduced
Increasing stopping or collision time
Increasing stopping or collision distance
Decreasing acceleration
Force is calculated by change of momentum/time
When stopping forces in a car crash are reduced why is risk of injury less
The force of the passengers body is less so they are less likely to suffer serious injury
What safety features are in modern cars to help absorb energy in a collision
Seatbelts- stretch slightly and absorb person’s energy
Air bags- cushions impact, absorbs energy
Crumple zones- crumples and absorbs a lot of energy
Safety cage- strengthens cabin to prevent car collapsing when turned
Collapsible steering columns-driver isn’t injured when hits wheel
Brakes- reduce speed by transferring kinetic energy to heat energy
