Carper's Ways of Knowing

Question 1

What are Carper’s Fundamental Patterns of Knowing in Nursing (1978)?

Answer 1

Empirics (the science)
Aesthetics (the art)
Personal knowledge
Ethics

Question 2

What are Carper’s Fundamental Patterns of Knowing in Nursing (1978)?

Answer 2

Empirics (the science)
Aesthetics (the art)
Personal knowledge
Ethics

Question 3

What are the characteristics of “empirics” of nursing?

Answer 3

objective, quantifiable
arranged into theories
case knowledge (biomedical model)
concerned with “monitoring of disease and therapeutic responses”
quantitative research uncovers this type of knowing

Question 4

What are the characteristics of “aesthetics” of nursing?

Answer 4

intangible essence of what nursing is
uniqueness of “contextual wholeness” rather than particular moment.
the anticipation of the outcome rather than just evaluation of interventions
expressive, intuitive and creative aspect of nursing, and difficult to verbalize.

Question 5

What are characteristics of “ethical knowing” in nursing?

Answer 5

moral knowledge, based on values of profession
choosing, justifying and judging actions based on duty, rights and obligations
ethical frameworks guide the development of this type of knowing
universal values to profession, as well as personal values of the nurse

Question 6

What are characteristics of “personal knowing” in nursing?

Answer 6

awareness of oneself in the relationship
does not require mediation through language
engagement, active and empathetic participation of nurse as “knower”
means being authentic in interpersonal relationships

Question 7

What is the sociopolitical/environmental aspect of nursing?

Answer 7

Seeks to understand the ‘wherein ‘ of nursing as a practice profession.
Understanding of what nursing is viewed as by public, how this impacts nurse-patient relationships and how culture influences understanding of health, illness and the health care system.

Question 8

What is the “continuum of care” in cancer nursing?

Answer 8

Prevention to survivorship
A diagnosis of cancer often represents the beginning of a journey that requires frequent and often sustained contact with primary care and oncology care providers. Seamless care is vital.