Carotid & Cerebrovascular Sonography Flashcards
PSV: elevated plaque: over 50% EDV: elevated ICA/CCA PSV ratio: elevated (2-4) What is the degree of stenosis?
50-69% stenosis
PSV: high plaque: over 50% EDV: high ICA/CCA PSV ratio: high What is the degree of stenosis?
greater than 70%, but not occluded
describe a stenosis greater than 70%, but not occluded
PSV: high
plaque: over 50%
EDV: high
ICA/CCA PSV ratio: over 4
What can be said of a stenosis in the ICA where there is more than 50% plaque present, with high PSV and EDV, and post-stenotic turbulence
hemodynamically significant, at least 50% occlusive stenosis
general parameters of a hemodynamically significant stenosis
high PSV and EDV in the ICA,
plaque present, occluding at least 50% of the vessel
with post-stenotic turbulence
describe a stenosis under 50%
PSV: normal
plaque: under 50%
EDV: normal
ICA/CCA PSV ratio: normal
PSV: normal
plaque: under 50%
EDV: normal
ICA/CCA PSV ratio: normal
under 50% stenosis
What can be said of a stenosis in the ICA where there is plaque present, but there is no change in velocities?
non-hemodynamically significant, less than 50% occluded stenosis
normal ICA/CCA PSV ratio
below 2
normal ICA EDV
below 40 cm/s
elevated ICA EDV
40-100 cm/s
elevated ICA/CCA PSV ratio
2-4
high ICA/CCA PSV ratio
above 4
high ICA EDV
above 100 cm/s
normal ICA PSV
below 125 cm/s
elevated ICA PSV
125-230 cm/s
high ICA PSV
above 230 cm/s
normal CCA PSV
around 100 cm/s
normal vertebral PSV
below 70 cm/s
describe a 50-69% stenosis
PSV: elevated
plaque: over 50%
EDV: elevated
ICA/CCA PSV ratio: elevated (2-4)
VBI
vertebrobasilar insufficiency
vertebrobasilar insufficiency
compromised posterior cerebral circulation resulting in bilateral blurred vision, paraesthesia, vertigo, ataxia, drop attacks
drop attack
sudden fall without loss of consciousness, associated with VBI
ataxia
lacking voluntary muscle coordination, especially affecting gait, associated with VBI affecting the cerebellum
paraesthesia
tingling sensation or “pins and needles”
TIA
transient ischemic attack
transient ischemic attack
neurologic deficit caused by ischemia, lasting less than 24 hours (usually under 30 minutes), and causing no permanent damage
RIND
resolving/reversing ischemic neurologic deficit
resolving/reversing ischemic neurologic deficit
neurologic deficit caused by ischemia, lasting more than 24 hours, but resolving within 3 weeks, and causing no permanent damage
CVA
cerebrovascular accident/stroke
cerebrovascular accident, aka
stroke
stroke, aka
cerebrovascular accident
cerebrovascular accident
loss of blood supply to the brain causing permanent damage affecting motor, sensory, or cerebral function
