Carotid & Cerebrovascular Sonography

Question 1

PSV: elevated
plaque: over 50%
EDV: elevated
ICA/CCA PSV ratio: elevated (2-4)
What is the degree of stenosis?

Answer 1

50-69% stenosis

Question 2

PSV: high
plaque: over 50%
EDV: high
ICA/CCA PSV ratio: high
What is the degree of stenosis?

Answer 2

greater than 70%, but not occluded

Question 3

describe a stenosis greater than 70%, but not occluded

Answer 3

PSV: high
plaque: over 50%
EDV: high
ICA/CCA PSV ratio: over 4

Question 4

What can be said of a stenosis in the ICA where there is more than 50% plaque present, with high PSV and EDV, and post-stenotic turbulence

Answer 4

hemodynamically significant, at least 50% occlusive stenosis

Question 5

general parameters of a hemodynamically significant stenosis

Answer 5

high PSV and EDV in the ICA,
plaque present, occluding at least 50% of the vessel
with post-stenotic turbulence

Question 6

describe a stenosis under 50%

Answer 6

PSV: normal
plaque: under 50%
EDV: normal
ICA/CCA PSV ratio: normal

Question 7

PSV: normal
plaque: under 50%
EDV: normal
ICA/CCA PSV ratio: normal

Answer 7

under 50% stenosis

Question 8

What can be said of a stenosis in the ICA where there is plaque present, but there is no change in velocities?

Answer 8

non-hemodynamically significant, less than 50% occluded stenosis

Question 9

normal ICA/CCA PSV ratio

Answer 9

below 2

Question 10

normal ICA EDV

Answer 10

below 40 cm/s

Question 11

elevated ICA EDV

Answer 11

40-100 cm/s

Question 12

elevated ICA/CCA PSV ratio

Answer 12

2-4

Question 13

high ICA/CCA PSV ratio

Answer 13

above 4

Question 14

high ICA EDV

Answer 14

above 100 cm/s

Question 15

normal ICA PSV

Answer 15

below 125 cm/s

Question 16

elevated ICA PSV

Answer 16

125-230 cm/s

Question 17

high ICA PSV

Answer 17

above 230 cm/s

Question 18

normal CCA PSV

Answer 18

around 100 cm/s

Question 19

normal vertebral PSV

Answer 19

below 70 cm/s

Question 20

describe a 50-69% stenosis

Answer 20

PSV: elevated
plaque: over 50%
EDV: elevated
ICA/CCA PSV ratio: elevated (2-4)

Question 21

VBI

Answer 21

vertebrobasilar insufficiency

Question 22

vertebrobasilar insufficiency

Answer 22

compromised posterior cerebral circulation resulting in bilateral blurred vision, paraesthesia, vertigo, ataxia, drop attacks

Question 23

drop attack

Answer 23

sudden fall without loss of consciousness, associated with VBI

Question 24

ataxia

Answer 24

lacking voluntary muscle coordination, especially affecting gait, associated with VBI affecting the cerebellum

Question 25

paraesthesia

Answer 25

tingling sensation or “pins and needles”

Question 26

TIA

Answer 26

transient ischemic attack

Question 27

transient ischemic attack

Answer 27

neurologic deficit caused by ischemia, lasting less than 24 hours (usually under 30 minutes), and causing no permanent damage

Question 28

RIND

Answer 28

resolving/reversing ischemic neurologic deficit

Question 29

resolving/reversing ischemic neurologic deficit

Answer 29

neurologic deficit caused by ischemia, lasting more than 24 hours, but resolving within 3 weeks, and causing no permanent damage

Question 30

CVA

Answer 30

cerebrovascular accident/stroke

Question 31

cerebrovascular accident, aka

Answer 31

stroke

Question 32

stroke, aka

Answer 32

cerebrovascular accident

Question 33

cerebrovascular accident

Answer 33

loss of blood supply to the brain causing permanent damage affecting motor, sensory, or cerebral function