Carobyl Compunds Flashcards
What is Stephens Reduction?
Nitrile +anhydrous SnCl2 + HCL to form aldehyde
What is Rosemunds Reduction?
Acid Chlorides on reduction with Lindlar Catalyst (H2+Pd +BaSO4, Quinolene)
Explain dry distillation process to create Aldehydes /Ketones
Preparation of aldehyde:
By dry distillation of calcium format and calcium salts of carboxylic acid. Example: calcium acetate plus calcium form guess I said aldehyde plus CaCO3
Preparation of ketone:
By dry distillation of calcium salts of carboxylic acid.
Example: calcium acetate and dry distillation forms acetone Plus CaCO3
What reaction does carbonyl compounds undergo?
Nucleophilic addition reaction
What is the hybridisation and shape of carbon compound in carbonyl group?
SP2 hybridisation, planar
What are the two types of ketone
Simple ketones and mixed Ketone
What other salt can be used for dry distillation to produce Aldehyde and ketone?
Barium salts of carboxylic acid
What all reagents can be used for Rosemunds Reduction?
1) Lindlars Catalyst (H2-Pd, BaSO4, Quinolene)
2) Lithium tri-t-butoxy Aluiminium Hydride
3) DiBHAL
And explain preparation methods of carbonyl from alkynes?
1) Oxymercuration-Demercuration
Using 1% HgSO4, H2SO4, H2O
2) hydroboration followed by oxidation
Using B2H6/BH3, SYN addition
Instead of diBorane we can use disiamly Borane (SIA)2BH - Exclusively forms propanal
state methods of Carbonyl formation from Alcohols?
1) Alcohol + mild reducing reagent
1-degree alc gives Aldehydes
2nd-degree alc gives a ketone
How are Carbonyl prepared from Alkenes?
1) Reductive Ozonolysis: Alkene+ O3, DCM, Zn, -H2O, at -78C gives Aldehydes and ketones.
2) With Lemieux reagent (NaIO4, H2O, OSO4, KMnO4)? This directly converts alkenes to ketons and aldehydes without forming glycols
Explain preparation off Ketones by Grignard.
Nitriles + RMgX = Ketone + MgNH2
Explain reactions of Acid Cholrides with Alkyl Cadmium.
Acid Chloride + CdCl2 = Ketone
Why is RMgX not used with Acid Chlorides?
RMgX is not used with acid chlorides because it is so reactive that they will form 3-degree Alcohol. R2Cd is less reactive as it is less Electropositive
