Carnie Chapter 2 Flashcards
Derivational morphemes
Affixes - make a word a particular category
Distributional criteria
Determining a part of speech not based on meaning but it’s distribution
Suffix
Part of word added to the ending to create a new word
Prefix
Added to the beginning of the word to create a new word
Inflectional morphemes
Affixes added that don’t change word category but are generally for a particular category
Syntactic distribution
What other words appear near the word decides the category
Nouns
- Derivational suffixes
- Inflectional suffixes
- Syntactic distribution
- -ment, -ness -(t)ion
- -s, -es
- After determiners, after adjectives, follow prepositions, subject of sentence
Verbs
- Derivational suffixes
- Inflectional suffixes
- Syntactic Distribution
- -ate, -ise
- -ing, -ed, -en
- Follow auxiliaries, follow subject and adverbs
Adjectives
- Derivational suffixes
- Inflectional suffixes
- Syntactic Distribution
- -ing, -ive, -able, -al
- -er, -en, -ed un-, -ly
- Between determiner and noun, follow auxiliary, negated with un-
Adverbs
- Derivational suffixes
- Inflectional suffixes
- Syntactic Distribution
- -ly
- Follow word more
- Not between determiner and noun, not after verb,
Open class parts of speech
Can add new words (neologisms)
Closed parts of speech
Can’t add new words
Prepositions
Lexical parts of speech
Provide content of meaning
Functional parts of speech
Provide grammatical information
Prepositions P
Appear before noun phrases
Place the noun in space or time
To, under, over
Determiners D
Articles, quantifies, numerals, deficits, possessive pronouns
A, the, she, three, those, which
Conjunctions Conj
Words that connect two or more phrases together on an equal level
And, or, neither
Complementisers C
Connects structures together but they embed in clause inside another
That, for, if
Tense T
Auxiliaries, modals
Have/has/had am/is/are/was/were do/does/did to
Should, would, shall, can, might
Subcategories
Smaller groups of speech identified by features in larger categories of parts of speech
+/- category of speech
Subcategories of Nouns
+/- Singular or plural
+/- count or mass
+/- proper or common
+/- pronoun or lexical noun
Subcategories of Verbs
Argument structure
Intransitive Transitive 1 Transitive 2 Ditransitive 1 Ditransitive 2 Ditransitive 3 Ditransitive 4
V[NP\_\_]
V[NP\_\_NP]
V[NP\_\_{NP/CP}]
V[NP\_\_NP NP]
V[NP\_\_NP PP]
V[NP\_\_NP {NP/PP}]
V[NP\_\_NP {NP/PP/CP}]
