Carlsson SZ

Question 1

rationale;

Answer 1

FGAs only target dopamine and negative symptoms of Sz , the also have bad side effects such as tar dive dyskinesia
hypodopaminergic - ^ D = sz
hypoglutaminergic = low G = sz

Question 2

aims

Answer 2

1. provide more of an explanation for sz than just the dopamine hypothesis
2. look at relationship between dopamine and glutamate, and see what impact it has on symptoms
3. renew antipsychotic drugs to develop drugs with less side effects

Question 3

sample

Answer 3

literature review on 33 studies (1 unpublished). Used a variety of research methods such as PET scans, animal studies with rats and SPECT scans. Range of people including Sz in remission and acute Sz

Question 4

Generaliseabilty

Answer 4

high G as used to 2 different types of Sz
However, 14 of the studies Carlsson was originally involved in - researcher bias

Question 5

Miller and Abercrombie - animal studies

Answer 5

looked at glutamate and dopamine in rats.
they superimposed NMDA antagonist onto amphetamines and found an increased release of dopamine.
decrease in action of glutamate led to increase in dopamine

Question 6

Weakness of animal research

Answer 6

evolutionary discontinuity
qualitative differences - humans have more complex social lives

However, we can use them to study things where it would be unethical to use humans

Question 7

Laruelle et al - PET and SPECT scans to measure release of dopamine in basal ganglia

Answer 7

amphetamines enhance the release of dopamine significantly in drug naive patients compared to matched controls.
This release of dopamine was correlated with positive psychotic symptoms

Question 8

Strength of PET scans

Answer 8

object and free from bias
However, not everyone can have one

Question 9

Lindtroem et al - brain imaging techniques

Answer 9

found an aberration of turnover of dopamine in the brain - deviates from the norm

Question 10

strength - ethics are sound

Answer 10

info already in public domain. didn’t have to be concerned with ethics

However , secondary data - could have flawed methodology e.g standardised procedure