Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cariology > Cariology Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Cariology Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

More complex explanation of dental caries

A
  1. bacterial disease
  2. Dependent on presence of sugars and carbohydrates
  3. Modified by salivary flow & composition
  4. Modified by fluoride
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T or F, solubility of hydroxyapatite is affected by pH

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Exposure of enamel to acids may lead to 2 types of lesions:

A
  1. Carious lesion

2. Erosion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Difference between carious lesion and erosion

A
  1. Caries: Chemical dissolution of the dental hard tissues by acidic bacterial products from degradation of low molecular weight sugars (weak acids..)
    * *Can remineralize
  2. Erosion: Dissolution of the dental hard tissues caused by acids of any other origin or mechanical wear (Strong acids…)
    * *Cannot remineralize
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T or F, partially demineralized apatite cyrstals are unable to grow back to their original size

A

False, Can grow to their original size

- especially in the presence of fluoride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In an erupting tooth, describe the enamel

A

Enamel is full minerlized, but the outermost surface layer is porous and low in fluoride
- This is why children are prone to decay shortly after eruption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the caries classification system (D1-D4)

A

D1: Clinically detectable enamel lesion
D2: Clinically detectable cavitation limited to enamel
D3: Clinically detectable lesions in dentin
D4: Lesions into pulp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where in the caries classification does the change from cavitate and non-cavitated occur?

A

During the D3 classification, however some D3 can be cavitated while others can be Non-cavitated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Most children become permanently colonized with S. mutans at what age?

A

18-36 months
This is called the window of infectivity
***Can be as early as 3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What percentage of children get MS from mom? How is it transmitted

A

70% approximately

- vertical transmission with an association with maternal salivary levels of bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How common is it for children to receive MS from someone other than parent? (Horizontal transmission)

A

Common
Swedish study had 45% horizontal transmission
Japanese study had 58% horizontal transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the impact of delayed transmission of MS? How can we do this?

A

Delaying acquisition of MS reduces caries experience in both the primary and permanent dentition
- Delay transmission by reducing maternal bacterial load

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

4 risk factors for early transmission of MS

A
  1. High maternal levels of MS (> 105 CFU/mL)
  2. Sweetened fluids taken to bed
  3. Frequent sugar exposure and snacking
  4. Sharing foods with adults
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Most studies measure what type of caries?

A

Most studies measure D2-D4 caries

- It is very difficult to standardize examiners at the D1 level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T or F, Caries is the most common childhood disease

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

According to studies from 1974 to the mid 1990’s, is the percent of caries increasing or decreasing in permanent teeth?

A

Decreasing! This is good!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What would suggest reasons for the decline in caries?

A 
Increased exposure to fluoride 
- Fluoride toothpaste & water
Improved preventive behaviors/services
- Better oral hygiene (F toothpaste)
- Dental sealants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

List in order of greatest to least the order of surfaces that have most distribution of caries

A

Occlusal (Pit & Fissures predominate) > Buccal & Lingual > Smooth surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

There are high caries rates in what groups?

A

Low income children
Racial & Ethnic minorities
Children with special health care needs
***20% of children experience 80% of decay

20
Q

Is the prevalence of edentulism increasing or decreasing?

A

Decreasing, this means that some of our high risk patients are now becoming older patients with an increased caries rate

21
Q

Impact of decreased edentulism?

A
  1. More teeth at risk of caries
  2. Increasing caries rates in adults
  3. The new “at-risk” population
    - Xerostomia (new carious lesions)
    - Previous restorative work (Larger restorations)
  4. Caries, not PD, is the primary cause of tooth loss in adults
22
Q

What is the primary cause of tooth loss in adults?

A

Caries, Not periodontal disease

23
Q

Increased prevalence of dental fluorosis corresponds to what?

A

Decline in caries (mostly “very mild” and “mild”)

24
Q

It takes an average of about how many years for a lesion to progress through the enamel of permanent teeth?

A

4 years

- Progression is faster in primary teeth

25
Q

5 guiding principles for caries management

A
  1. Assess caries risk status
  2. Diagnose the disease early
  3. Treat the disease by:
    - remineralizing tooth surfaces
    - controlling the infection
  4. Avoid or delay operative intervention
  5. Restore “active” disease only
26
Q

Name some risk factors for caries you CAN change

A
  1. Levels of cariogenic bacteria
  2. Fluoride exposure
  3. Diet
  4. Oral hygiene
  5. Salivary flow
27
Q

T or F, Children with caries in primary teeth are 2 times more likely to have caries in their permanent teeth

A

False, 3 times more likely

28
Q

T or F, Identical twins tend to have the same caries rate, parental twins do not have the same caries rates

A

True

29
Q

Describe the relationship between sugar & dental caries

A
  1. Sugar intake drops oral pH
  2. Drop in pH leads to:
    - demineralization
    - altered plaque ecology (favors aciduric bacteria like MS)
  3. Impact dependent on presence of fluoride
30
Q

T or F, DMFS decreased as sucrose intake decreased

A

True

31
Q

Two issues to consider when thinking about sugar and caries

A

The form of sugar

Frequency vs. total amount consumed

32
Q

T or F, Its not how much sugar you eat, its how often you eat it that is important

A

True

33
Q

What are the recommendations for total amount of sugar intake and Frequency

A 
Total amount: limit intake of free sugars to 
- 40 grams/day in non-fluoridated areas
- 55 grams/day in fluoridated areas
- 6-10% of energy intake
Frequency: Limit sugar intake to 4x/day
- preferable at meals
34
Q

T or F, There is evidence that removal of plaque by brushing (with a non-F toothpaste) or flossing decreases the incidence of caries

A

False, No evidence

35
Q

1 factor with caries

A

Salivary concentration of S. mutans

36
Q

Best ways to remove plaque

A
  1. Brushing
  2. Flossing
    - introduce floss only when brushing is mastered
    - We don’t know the best frequency
37
Q

3 levels of caries diagnosis

A
  1. Detection: describe patient and oral tissues
  2. Diagnosis: level of disease
  3. Intervention: What will you do
38
Q

Prerequisites for detection of caries

A
  1. Clean teeth
  2. Dry teeth
  3. Sharp eyes & magnification
  4. Lighting
39
Q

T or F, White-spot lesions visble when dried have penetrated about 1/2 of the enamel

A

True

40
Q

T or F, White/brown lesions visible when dry have penetrated through the enamel

A

False, Visible when WET

41
Q

Why do we look at dried teeth to identify caries?

A

When dried, air replaces water in enamel. The refractive index of air is farther away from enamel than water, making lesions easier to see

42
Q

Is detection of cavitated lesions an appropriate diagnosis of dental caries?

A

No, we need systems that allow us to diagnose before cavitation! If detected before cavitation, caries is reversible

43
Q

We cannot detect caries until is is how far through enamel?

A

1/3-1/2 way through

44
Q

Probing with a sharp explorer may:

A
  1. Cause damage to newly erupted teeth
  2. Create a cavity at the site of a superficial lesion
  3. Transmit bacteria to uninfected fissures
45
Q

What are the 4 main new diagnostic technologies being used to diagnose caries

A
  1. Digital imaging fiber optic trans-illumination (DIFOTI)
  2. Laser Fluorescence (LF)
    - DIAGNODent
  3. Quantitative light fluorescence (QLF)
  4. Infra red light imaging
46
Q

T or F, DIFOTI can detect incipient or recurring caries before they are visible on x-rays

A

True

47
Q

T or F, DIAGNODent can be relied on as a clinician’s primary diagnostic method

A

False, Should not be relied on

Cariology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions