Caring for the Developing Child: Ch 20

Question 1

What is nature vs nurture?

Answer 1

• nature: inherent traits or genetics; ex. hair, eyes, height
• nurture: influence of external events; factors influencing behavior

Question 2

What are the principles of growth and development?

Answer 2

• growth: internal and external
• development: ongoing process of adapting
• cephalocaudal: developing from head to toe
• proximodistal: development progresses from near to far and midline to periphery
• gross motor: ex. walking, jumping, kicking
• fine motor: ex. eating, writing, wiggling toes

Question 3

What are the 5 Erik Erikson stages?

Answer 3

1. trust vs mistrust: birth to 1 year
2. autonomy vs shame and doubt: 1 year to 3 year
3. initiative vs guilt: 3-6 years
4. industry vs inferiority: 6-12 years
5. identity vs role confusion: 12-18 years

Question 4

What are the 5 stages of faith and spiritual development from James Fowler?

Answer 4

Stage 0: undifferentiated (infancy); fundamentals of basic trust
Stage 1: intuitive-projective (ages 2-6); beliefs and faith are unquestioning
Stage 2: mythical-literal (ages 6-12); retells the spiritual stories and takes them literally and concretely
Stage 3: synthetic-convention (begins around 12-13); begins to personalize beliefs
Stage 4: individuating-reflexive (late adolescence); takes responsibility for beliefs and commitments

Question 5

E.R. Duvall’s Theory

Answer 5

• based on the oldest child as the marker for transition into the next stage
• marriage: establishing themselves
• family w infants: adjusts to new structure
• family w preschoolers: socializes children
• family w school age: develop friendships
• family w adolescents: toward launching and independence
• family w young adult: launching; leaves home
• middle age family: reinvest in parent’s relationship
• aging family: retirement, grandkids, death

Question 6

What are common temperaments of children?

Answer 6

• regularity (routine)
• reaction to new people or situations
• adaptability to change
• sensory sensitivity (light, noise, smell)
• emotional intensity
• level of persistence
• activity level
• distractibility
• mood