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Operative Techniques > Caries Symposium 4 > Flashcards

Caries Symposium 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Define dental caries

A

Disease of the dental hard tissues, caused by the action of microorganisms found in plaque

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2
Q

Name some impact of caries on pre-school children (4)

A
  1. Aeshtetic problems
  2. Loss of function
  3. Pain
  4. Infection
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3
Q

Why is abscess formation higher in small children?

A

Abscess comes from floor of pulp chamber and easily spreads - as bone is softer in kids

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4
Q

List some risk indicators for caries in (8)

A
  1. Oral hygiene
  2. Diet
  3. Bacterial exposure
  4. Socioeconomic status
  5. Breast/bottle feeding
  6. Fluoride exposure
  7. Parental smoking
  8. Parental oral health status
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5
Q

What teeth does early childhood caries effect?

A

The upper anterior and molar teeth

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6
Q

Typical cause of nursing caries

A

Inappropriate use of feeding cups + bottles

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7
Q

Prevention of caries (3)

A
  1. Diet
  2. Fluoride
  3. Oral hygiene
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8
Q

What is a common oral health misconception for pregnant woman?

A

That there’s a benefit to taking fluoride supplements during pregnancy

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9
Q

How long should women breastfeed till?

A

2 years max

Feeding over night increases caries risk

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10
Q

What are some diet tips for babies? (4)

A
  1. Use of a feeding cup rather than a bottle from 6 months (free flow spout)
  2. Drinks containing free sugars should never be put in a feeding bottle
  3. Children not to be put to bed with a feeder bottle/cup
  4. Soya milk formula is potentially cariogenic and should only be used when medically indicated
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11
Q

When should sugary drinks be drank?

A
  1. Mealtimes only
  2. Dilute as much as possible
  3. Take through a straw which should be held at the back of the mouth
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12
Q

Name an example of a non-sugar sweetness

A

Xylitol

Sugar free gum (with xylitol)

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13
Q

How should meds containing sugars be given to minimise the caries risk?

A

Sugar free meds should be requested

Or available doses should be given at mealtime and never after toothbrushing at night

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14
Q

Assumptions on cheese

A

May protect against caries as it is non-cariogenic

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15
Q

List examples of safe snacks (5)

A
  1. Milk/water
  2. Fruit
  3. Savoury sandwiches
  4. Crackers and cheese
  5. Breadsticks
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16
Q

What are some professionals delivered methods of fluoride? (2)

A
  • APF gels (seldom used)

- Varnishes (applied to children 2x a year)

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17
Q

When should toothbrushing start?

A

As soon as the 1st primary teeth erupt

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18
Q

Can children under 8yrs old brush their teeth themselves?

A

No as they lack the dexterity to brush their own teeth effectively

19
Q

Fluoride dose for child formulas?

A

1000ppm

20
Q

Standard fluoride dose?

A

1400-1500ppm

21
Q

Fluoride dose for enhanced formulas? (duraphat)

A

2800ppm

22
Q

Toothpaste strength recommendation for 3 yr olds? (1st tooth eruption)

A

1000ppmF

23
Q

Toothpaste strength for 4-16yr olds?

A

1000-1500ppmF

24
Q

Toothpaste strength for high risk children under 10yr olds ?

A

1500ppmF

25
Q

Toothpaste strength for high risk children 10yrs+?

A

2800ppmF

Prescription only

26
Q

Toothpaste strength for high risk 16 and overs?

A

5000ppmF

Prescription only

27
Q

Safe toothpaste amount for children under 3yrs?

A

Smear of paste (approx 0.1ml) for children under 3

28
Q

Safe toothpaste amount for children aged 3yrs +?

A

Pea sized amount (approx 0.25ml)

29
Q

How do we work out if a patient has ingested a toxic dose of toothpaste?

A

Need to know:

  1. Weight of child
  2. How much toothpaste was ingested
  3. Strength of toothpaste
30
Q

Management protocol for toxic fluoride intake: <5mg/kg

A

Give calcium orally (milk) and observe for a few hours

31
Q

Management protocol for toxic fluoride intake: 5-15mg/kg

A

Give calcium orally (milk, calcium gluconate, calcium lactate) and admit to hospital

32
Q

Management protocol for toxic fluoride intake > 15mg/kg (3)

A
  • Admit to hospital immediately
  • Cardiac monitoring and life support
  • Intravenous calcium gluconate
33
Q

How much drops of fluoride supplements are given for 6mths-3yrs?

A

0.25mg/d

34
Q

How much drops of fluoride supplements are given for 3-6yrs?

A

0.5mg/d

35
Q

How much drops of fluoride supplements are given for 6yrs+?

A

1mg/d

36
Q

Are under 6’s recommended for fluoride mouthrinses?

A

NO

Even over 6 need to assess the childs ability to properly expectorate

37
Q

State the name of the most common fluoride varnish applied every 4-6months to the high risk caries teeth

A

Duraphat

Fruit flavoured for kids

38
Q

When should Duraphat be avoided?

A

For patients with asthma/allergies as the ingredients make it sticky

39
Q

How often should fluoride varnish be applied to the dentition?

A
  • Twice yearly for pre-school children assessed as high caries risk
  • Floss between contact areas
40
Q

State the methods of community based prevention (2)

A
  1. Health education
  2. Health promotion
    - Promotion of + behaviours and lifestyles
41
Q

How often should radiographs be conducted for high risk children?

A

Every 6months

42
Q

How often should radiographs be conducted for low risk children?

A

Every 12-18 months

43
Q

What caries can be easily missed if we don’t use bitewings?

A

Miss 60% of inter-proximal caries

Operative Techniques (6 decks)

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