Caries Symposium 1 Flashcards
What are the 4 factors necessary for caries formation?
- Susceptible surface (tooth)
- Substrate
- Bacteria
- Time
What is a caries risk assessment?
- The risk of the patient developing new/progressive disease in the future
- Needs to be made for each individual patient
What are the general caries risk factors? (2 points)
- Social (education, family, area they live etc)
- General health
What are the local caries risk factors? (5 points)
- Oral hygiene
- Diet
- Fluoride experience
- Past caries experience
- orthodontic treatment
What are the 7 elements of caries risk? (IMPORTANT)
- Clinical evidence
- Dietary habits
- Social history
- Fluoride use
- Plaque control
- Saliva
- Medical history
All 7 elements = determination of caries risk
What does dmft mean?
- Decayed, missing and filled teeth in the primary dentition
What does DMFT mean?
- Decayed, missing and filled teeth in the permanent dentition
What are some major forms of caries experience that would suggest a person is at high risk of caries?
- Having a dmft or DMFT greater than or equal to 5
- Caries in the 6’s of a 6 year old
- greater than or equal to 3 caries found in a 3 year period
Excluding caries experience, what are 2 other clinical factors that indicate an increased caries risk?
- Orthodontics (fixed appliance therapy)
- Prosthetics (fixed or removable)
How many sugar intakes in the died per day indicate a high risk of caries development?
- Greater than or equal to 3
What is more of an issue in the role of diet in caries development: a high frequency of sugar in the diet or the volume of sugar in the diet?
- A high frequency of sugar in the diet
What is more cariogenic, highly processed/refined carbs or natural sugars?
- Highly processed/refined carbs but natural sugars can still cause harm e.g. lactose in early childhood caries
What does SIMD stand for?
Scottish index of multiple deprivation
When looking at social history, what factors do we need to consider? (8 points)
- SIMD category
- Education
- Unemployment
- Work stressors
- Single parent families
- Violence
- Inequalities and access to healthcare
- Dependents
What are the 2 factors involving fluoride experience that can increase risk of caries development?
- Infrequent use of fluoride toothpaste
- No fluoride in the water supply
What are the roles of fluoride in preventing caries formation? (3 points)
- Incorporation into enamel crystals to form fluorapatite which is more caries resistant (resistant to demineralization) than hydroxyapatite
- Bactericidal? resistant streptococcal strains
- Interferes with the adhesion force of bacteria reducing their ability to stick to the surface of teeth
What are the different oral hygiene factors that you need to consider that contribute to caries development? (5 points)
- Poor technique
- Irregular brushing
- Unassisted (very young/very old, those with manual dexterity issues)
- Access to toothbrush/toothpaste
- Difficulty due to changes (mixed dentition/orthodontics/gaps/recession)
What are the factors you need to consider in the role of saliva and caries development? (5 points)
- Amount
- Flow
- Buffering capacity
- pH
- Viscosity
What common mouth condition can many medications including scopolamine patches/asthma inhalers induce which contributes to a higher risk of caries development?
- Xerostomia
Which drug causes a side effect that makes OH difficult?
Mucositis
Free sugars are used to make medications more palatable. These increase the risk of caries development. Name a medication that is high in sugar?
- Lactulose
What are the social factors that typically make caries high risk for children? (3 points)
- Mother’s education secondary only
- Poor dental attender
- Family unit: single parent, social class, unemployed
What are the health factors that typically make caries high risk in children? (2 points)
- Poor health/chronic sickness
- Sugar-based medications
How many lesion in the primary dentition at the first dental attendance of a child indicates that they are at high risk of caries?
Greater than or equal to 10
What social/behavioural factors typically indicate that an infant/toddler is at high risk of developing caries? (6 points)
- Mothers caries rate
- Prolonged nursing habits
- Bottle/pacifier at bedtime
- Cariogenic snacking
- No tooth cleaning
- Little fluoride exposure
What factors indicate a typical high caries risk adul t? (7 points)
- Level of education
- Attends dentist only when they identify a problem
- Social difficulties
- ‘sweet tooth’ WITH poor OH
- Sugar containing meds or meds affecting saliva
- Secondary caries
What are the 8 elements of preventing caries?
- Radiographs
- Toothbrushing instruction
- Strength of F in toothpaste
- F varnish
- F supplementation
- Diet advice
- Fissure sealant
- Sugar free medicine
