Caries/Diet/Etc

Question 1

when was the Vipeholm study carried out and where?

Answer 1

between 1945 and 1953 in sweden

Question 2

how many groups were used in Vipeholm?

what were the differences?

Answer 2

one control and six experimental

all groups had normal basal carbohydrate intake that was supplemented with sugar at meal times or between meals

Question 3

what were the outcomes of the experiment?

Answer 3

the most marked rise in caries was seen in the 24 toffee group in which toffees could be eaten throughout the day

Question 4

take away message from vipeholm?

Answer 4

caries risk most increased with sugar between meals and of a consistency that is likely to last on the teeth

Question 5

when did the Tristan da Cuhna study take place?

Answer 5

before and after 1940

Question 6

what happened in the Tristan da Cuhna study?

Answer 6

pre 1940 the diet was low in sugar, once sugar became available on the island post 1940, caries rate increased

Question 7

where was Hopewood house carried out?

Answer 7

Australia,

Question 8

what happened in Hopewood house ?

Answer 8

home for children, lactovegetarian diet with low sugar/low fluoride and no oral hygiene.
more children of hopewood house were caries free compared to those of state schools

Question 9

whens sugar is consumed and dissolves into plaque how long does it take for the pH to drop?

Answer 9

2-5 minutes

Question 10

how long does it take the saliva to buffer the pH in the mouth after sugar consumption?

Answer 10

30-60mins

Question 11

why is S.mutans cariogenic?

Answer 11

it synthesises extracellular polysaccharides from dietary sugars which add bulk and adherent properties to the plaque

Question 12

concerning frequency of sugary foods consumption when should sugar be eaten and why?

Answer 12

• at mealtimes, oral clearance is faster and increased saliva flow
• ## not at bed time - saliva flow reduced at night

Question 13

what is erosion?

Answer 13

physical result of a pathological chronic localised loss of dental hard tissue that is chemically etched away from the tooth surface without bacterial involvement

Question 14

erosion is often seen in combination with?

Answer 14

abrasion and attrition

Question 15

how does erosion happen?

Answer 15

calcified enamel is softened by acid and brushed away

Question 16

3 causes of erosion?

Answer 16

diet
environmental
intrinsic - stomach

Question 17

drinking through a straw or a sports cup will lead to signs of erosion where?

Answer 17

palatals of upper teeth

Question 18

consumption of citrus foods/wine/beer tends to cause erosion where?

Answer 18

labial surfaces of upper anteriors and occlusals of molars

Question 19

the severity of erosion lesions is reflective of?

Answer 19

length and frequency of contact of acid with teeth

Question 20

what else could be a risk factor of eroision as reduced buffering capacity?

Answer 20

dry mouth/reduced saliva flow

Question 21

appearance of erosion lesion?

Answer 21

lesions appear frosted
smooth shiny rounded
incisal edges and cusps become thin an translucent

Question 22

is there any symptoms associated with erosion?

Answer 22

sensitivity

Question 23

dietary advice for patient with erosion?

Answer 23

• identify causes in diet
• advise limit such foods to mealtimes
• discourage swishing/frequent sipping
• eating cheese or drinking milk can help neutralise acid
• avoid brushing teeth for one hour after acid consumption
• use fluoride toothpaste to strengthen enamel