Caries

Question 1

Dental caries require 3 factors to be present which are…….
When they act together over a sufficient period of …….

Answer 1

bacterial plaque (strepmutans)
tooth tissue
fermentable carbohydrate of the diet

time

Question 2

Dental plaque is a natural …..

Answer 2

biofilm

Question 3

What is a biofilm

Answer 3

community of microorganisms attached to a solid surface

Question 4

Caries is a progressive …….. initiated at the …….. ……… that is …….. up until a point

Answer 4

disease
tooth surface
reversible

Question 5

Definition of caries process

Answer 5

histopathological metabolic interactions happening in the plaque biofilm causing disease

Question 6

Definition of caries lesion

Answer 6

The signs of disease on a dental hard tissue

e.g. discolouration, early lesions, cavities

Question 7

4 factors that makes sound enamel

what pH

Answer 7

Oral hygiene
saliva
fluoride
diet
High pH

Question 8

Stephen curve - acid attack
Whats is:
normal pH
critical pH (dentine)
critical pH (enamel)

Answer 8

7

6. 2
7. 5

Question 9

caries diagnostic regime

Answer 9

remove any plaque -scale/polish
dry tooth with 3 in 1 syringe
diagnostic - decide what treatment

Question 10

Diagnostic:

What occurs after observation and monitoring

Answer 10

Recall and re-diagnose

Question 11

Diagnostic:

What occurs after invasive preparation

Answer 11

control of residue caries

Question 12

Factors of a patient who is at more risk of caries….

Answer 12

social: stress
long term breast-feeding
medicines 
salivary: low secretions
microbiology: high no of S.mutans and lactobacilli

Question 13

What colour is a older lesion

Answer 13

brown spot

Question 14

Composition of dentine

Answer 14

70% inorganic
20% organic
10% water

Question 15

Main inorganic and organic compound of dentine

Answer 15

hydroxyapatite

collagen

Question 16

Composition of enamel

Answer 16

97% inorganic
1% organic
2% water

Question 17

Main inorganic and organic compound of enamel

Answer 17

hydroxyapatite

protein

Question 18

What does D1, D2, D3 stand for

Answer 18

Outer third of dentine
Middle third of dentine
Inner third of dentine

Question 19

Clinical signs of D1 and D2
histology
Symptoms
Treatment

Answer 19

white spot lesion, frosty, chalky, roughened surface, arrested brown spot lesion
histology: early subsurface demineralisation
minimal symptoms, slight sensitivity to hot, cold, sugar at EDJ
Treatment - monitor, OHI, fluoride, diet, fissure seal?

Question 20

Clinical signs of D3
histology
symptoms
treatment

Answer 20

cavitated (open) or non cavitated (closed), discolouration
histology: enamel demineralisation, translucent or tertiary dentine, bacterial penetration
symptoms: acute, reversible pulpitis
Treatment: OHI, fluoride, diet, minimal cavity prep, sealed restoration

Question 21

Clinical signs of D4 lesion
histology
symptoms
treatment

Answer 21

cavitation, gross discolouration, visible pulp?
histology: gross demineralisation, tubular destruction with pulp exposure
symptoms: irreversible pulpitis, loss of function
Treatment: pulp capping, RCT, complex resorations