CARGO 111

Question 1

DEFINE:

Bale capacity

Answer 1

The cubic cargo space when the breadth is measured from the inside of the cargo battens (spar ceiling) and the measured depth is from the wood tank top ceiling to the underside of the deck beams.
The length is measured from the inside of
the fore and aft bulkhead stiffeners.

Question 2

Grain capacity

Answer 2

The cubic capacity of a cargo space
when the length, breadth and depth are measured from the inside of the ship’s shell plating, all allowance being made for the volume occupied by frames and beams.

Question 3

Ballast water

Answer 3

Water (with its suspended matter) taken on board a ship to control trim, list, draught, stability or stresses of the ship.

Question 4

Bilge well:

Answer 4

1. Either of the rounded areas that form the transition between the bottom and the sides on
   the exterior of a hull. (round of the bilge)
2. Also, bilges. (in a hull with a double bottom) an enclosed area between frames at each
   side of the floors, where seepage collects.
3. Also called bilge well. a well into which seepage drains to be pumped away (bottom of a bilge)

Question 5

Bulkheads:

Answer 5

A steel wall, usually watertight, which divides the inside of a ship into separate sections at the ends of each holds.

Question 6

Broken stowage:

Answer 6

space between packages which remains unfilled.
The percentage that has to be allowed varies with the type of cargo and with the shape
of the ship’s hold. It is greatest when large cases are stowed in an end hold or at the
turn of a bilge.

Question 7

Cargo information:

Answer 7

Information relevant to the cargo and its
stowage and securing which should specify, in particular, the precautions necessary for
the safe carriage of that cargo at sea.

Question 8

Stowage factor:

Answer 8

The volume occupied by unit weight of cargo.
Usually expressed as cubic meter per tonne (m³/tonnes) or cubic feet per tonne
(ft³/tonne). It does not take account of any space which may be lost due to broken
stowage.

Question 9

Compare: iron ore and coconuts which has the higher stowage factor?

Answer 9

Iron ore mesures 0,74 Meters cubed per metric tonne

Coconuts fill 3,96 meters cubed per metric tonne

Coconuts have a higher stowage factor because they are lighter than iron ore.

Question 10

Cargo Securing Manual:

Answer 10

• Lashing points in details of the securing of relevant cargoes carried by the vessel.
• It is a ship’s reference which specifies the onboard securing arrangements for cargo units, including vehicles, containers and other entities.
• Based on the transverse, longitudinal and vertical forces which may arise during adverse weather conditions at sea.
• Compulsory
  on all dry cargo ships as per SOLAS

Question 11

Cargo plan:

Answer 11

a ship’s plan which shows the distribution of all cargo stowed onboard the
vessel for the voyage. Each entry onto the plan would detail the quantity, the weight and
the port of discharge. The plan is constructed by the ship’s cargo officer and would
effectively show special loads such as heavy lifts, hazardous cargoes, and valuable
cargo, in addition to all commodities being shipped

Question 12

Dangerous goods:

Answer 12

means a product, substance or organism included by its nature or
by the regulations in any of the classes listed in the schedule to the Transportation of
Dangerous Goods Act, 1992.

Question 13

Deadweight:

Answer 13

The difference in tonnes between the displacement of a ship at the summer load waterline in water of specific gravity of 1025, and the lightweight of a ship.

Abreviated as DWT but is sometimes seen as DWAT (deadweight all told)

Question 14

Does deadweight include cargo, fuel oil, Ballast water, or fresh water?

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

What is DWCC?

Answer 15

Sometimes deadweight is used to express the cargo carrying capacity of a ship. At that time,
it is abbreviated as DWCC (deadweight cargo capacity or deadweight carrying capacity).

Question 16

Dunnage:

Answer 16

• Rough timber of varying lengths which usually takes the form of short planks or boards. It is used in the stowage of cargo for protecting packages from damage.
• Also used for protecting the
  cargo from being damaged by the steel construction of the holds
• to make a small space for free flow of air, to prevent damage from condensation.

Question 17

Why does dunnage have to be dry and clean?

Answer 17

It has to be dry so that it doesn’t create mold in the hold or seep water into the cargo. Clean so that insects do not infest cargo.

Question 18

Freight:

Answer 18

• money paid for the safe carriage of cargo
  or
• safe carriage of cargo

Question 19

Gross tonnage:

Answer 19

The measurement of the total internal capacity of the ship.

Question 20

What are the purpose of load lines?

Answer 20

Load lines are special markings positioned amidships which depicts the draft of the vessel and the
maximum permitted limit in distinct types of waters to which the ship can be loaded.

Question 21

Name all the lines and their thickness.

Answer 21

• S – Summer :- It is the basic freeboard line at the same level as the Plimsol Line. Other load lines
  are marked based on this Summer freeboard line.
• T – Tropical :- It is 1/48th of summer draft marked above the Summer load line.
• W – Winter :- It is 1/48th of summer draft marked below the Summer load line.
• WNA – Winter North Atlantic :- It is marked 50mm below the Winter load line. It applies to
  voyages in North Atlantic ( above 36 degrees of latitude) during winter months.
• F – Fresh Water :- It is the summer fresh water load line. The distance between S and F is the
  Fresh Water Allowance (FWA).
• TF – Tropical Fresh Water :- It is the fresh water load line in Tropical. It is marked above the T at
  an amount equal to FWA.

Question 22

1. Name 5 responsibilities of a junior watchkeeper on a ship with cargo operations.

Answer 22

• Conduct a safe and efficient deck watch in port
• Prevent damage, reduce loss and minimise expenses
• Support the Master and Chief Officer
• Work as a member of the deck team
• Appreciate the commercial implications of carrying cargo

Question 23

Who does the cargo officer report to?

(or watchkeeping mate)

Answer 23

They report to the Master and Chief Officer during cargo operations.

Question 24

Who is responsible for the safe and efficient handling and stowage of cargo?

Answer 24

Cargo Officer

Question 25

Who is responsible for the correct
supervision of cargo loading/unloading?

Answer 25

Cargo Officer

Question 26

Name three tasks a junior mate/ cargo officer may be required to do in port.

Answer 26

• Ensure that the ship is safely moored.
• Maintain safe access, and safe working environment.
• Test deck equipment.

Question 27

Name three more tasks a junior mate/ cargo officer may be required to do in port.

Answer 27

• Assist with surveys.
• Supervise loading, stowing, securing and discharging of cargo.
• Monitor cargo condition and quantity.

Question 28

The Watchkeeping Mate should be assessing 4 things while cargo is being loaded on the vessel. Name them.

Answer 28

1. Checks that holds are clean and dry, odour free, and ready to receive cargo. If dunnage is laid, it
   should be checked.
2. Hold inspection should include inspection of plating, access ladders, lighting, guard rails, storm
   valves and pipes, fire fighting gear and fitting, manhole covers, spar ceiling, bilges, water
   detectors, etc.
3. Check that the** lifting plant (derricks, cranes, wire, blocks, etc.) are in good order and properly
   rigged.** Check that all cargo gear is certified and tested as per local rules. Ensure that proper risk
   assessment is in place prior using the lifting gears.
4. All lashing gear must be in place and inspected as per company policy (cargo securing manual).

Question 29

What happens if cargo loaded/ being loaded appears to be damaged in any way?

Answer 29

Cargo Damage Report should be filled out
and given to the stevedores prior to the ship sailing.

Question 30

The master should report any discrepancies
associated with the quantity of cargo loaded or discharged on a:

Answer 30

Letter of protest

Question 31

Damaged cargo report contains:

Answer 31

Cargo marks, commodity type,
container type and number involved, stowage location, when discovered, extend of damage and the
time of the discovery. It may be necessary to get the damages surveyed prior to loading or even to reject
the cargo

Question 32

Once the cargo is loaded, what actions should the Watchkeeping Mate carry out?

Answer 32

• Cargo securing arrangement should be checked. *lashing gear is in good order.
  *bottom tiers of containers are secured
• When cargo operations are finished, hatches should be closed. Any hold lights should be switched off.
• The amount of cargo worked that day should be recorded and the draughts fore, aft and midships taken and recorded in the Deck Logbook.
• Throughout the cargo watch, a notebook should be carried and a note of all recurrent
  occurrences made, e.g. times when heavy lift loaded, times when work commences or ceases at
  each of the hatches, number of gangs onboard, times when deck lashings checked, completion
  times for hatches, etc. These notes will then be transferred to the Deck Logbook and will be
  compared with the shore tally sheet. Meteorological observations to be recorded as well

Question 33

Name five things on a rigging plan.

Answer 33

a) Position and size of deck eye plate
b) Position of inboard and outboard booms
c) Maximum headroom (i.e. permissible height of cargo block above hatch coaming)
d) Maximum angle between runners
e) Position, size and SWL of blocks
f) Length, size and SWL of runners, topping lifts, guys and preventers
g) SWL of shackles
h) Position of derricks producing maximum force
i) Optimum position for guys and preventers to resist such maximum forces
j) Combined load diagrams showing forces for a load of 1 tonne or the SWL
k) Guidance on the maintenance of the derrick rig

Question 34

What is a crane?

Answer 34

A crane is a machine used for moving materials vertically and horizontally. They use one or more simple machines to create a mechanical advantage to lift large loads. These simple machines are comprised of a hoisting mechanism and pulleys or sheaves.

Question 35

What is a derrick

Answer 35

Unlike a crane, a derrick usually has a vertical stationary mast extending from a base and a moveable boom. The boom is equipped with cables and pulleys/sheaves connected to the base of the mast, which can be self-supporting or stabilized with guyed wires.