Caregiver-Infant interactions Flashcards
humans are altricial, what does this mean?
born in early stages of development and need to form attachments to protect and nurture them
define the word attachment
its an enduring two way emotional tie to a specific person
what is reciprocity?
When an infant responds to the action of another in a form of turn taking.
Action of one person elicits a response from the other
who did research into reciprocity?
Feldman (2007)
what did feldman study/find out? (very brief)
from 3 months reciprocity increases.
showing sensitive responsiveness (responding to others in a sensitive manner), lays strong foundation for attachments to develop
what is interactional synchrony?
when an infant mirrors actions or emotions of another person e.g facial expressions. The are imitating adult behaviour, they will do this simultaneously to their caregiver.
who conducted research into interactional synchrony ?
moore and meltzoff
what type of research method did moore and meltzoff use in their research?
controlled observation
how many stimuli were babies exposed to in moore and meltzoff research?
4 (3 facial expressions and 1 manual)
how were they recorded in the moore and meltzoff research?
via video
why were two observers used in the moore and meltzoff research?
two observes were used in order to increase inter-rater reliability (the scores given) and inter observer reliability (looking at ans interrupting the same behaviours)
what was the main findings in the moore and meltzoff study?
Babies aged 12-27 days old could imitate both facial expressions and manual gestures
what was the conclusion of meltzoff and moore research?
Interactional synchrony is important in social and cognitive development
what does nomothetic mean?
studying a large sample and developing laws/theories that apply to all.
what does idiographic mean?
focus on individual sand emphasizes the unique personal experience
meltzoff and moore concluded what? and what did that conclusion show?
which side of the nature/nurture debate does it support?
they concluded that Interactional synchrony is important in social and cognitive development TST interactional synchrony is innate and is not learned. it supports the nature side to the nature/nurture debate
evaluation of meltzoff and moore:
meltzoff and moore research attempts to apply interactional synchrony to all infants and doesn’t take account individual differences, what is the specialistic terms for this?
nomothetic
evaluation of meltzoff and moore: research conducted by who refutes meltzoff and moore and showed that only securely attached infants shown interactional synchrony?
isabella et la
because isabella et al said that only secured attached infant shown interactional synchrony we can say that her research takes a what viewpoint?
takes a more idiographic viewpoint
evaluation of meltzoff and moore: Further research has ….. to generate the same results as Meltzoff and Moore and this could be due to …. bias. This can be overcome by using another …… unrelated to the study, this is called inter …… ……..
FAILED / OBSERVER / OBSERVER / OBSERVER / RELIABILITY
what is bodily contact?
physical interaction between babies, especially after birth- skin to skin contact
who conducted research into bodily contact?
klaus and kennel
what did klaus and kennel research?
compared mums who had long period of physical contact with those who only had contact during feeding hours only.
what were klaus and kennel findings?
and what does TST?
1 month later mothers with lots of contact = cuddled babies more and made greater eye contact.
TST greater physical contact = stronger bond formation
