career counseling Flashcards
What is career counseling?
■ Focuses on issues such as career exploration, career change, career
maladjustment, and other career related issues over the lifespan
■ Often utilizes assessments, classes, workshops, and other resources
What’s the most common concern addressed in career counseling?
■ Career dissatisfaction
also…
■ Interviewing concerns
■ Networking concerns
■ Confusion regarding career goals
■ Job search concerns
■ Career transitions
■ Work/life balance
■ Lack of knowledge about the
world of work
■ Resume/Cover letter help
■ Feeling unsure about what to
pursue
■ Negotiation concerns
■ Discrimination
■ Managing emotions
What is person-environment fit?
theories emphasize that career satisfaction and success occurs when there is fit between individual characteristics and recruitments of the job.
What are two major theories from person-environment fit?
– Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA)
– Holland’s Theory of Vocational
Personalities in Work Environments
What is developmental perspectives?
theories describe career development occurs over the life span and is influenced by one’s self-concept, societal expectations, and feedback from others.
What are two major theories from Developmental perspectives?
– Self-Concept Theory: Super’s Life Span,
Life Space Perspective
– Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT)
what is theory of work adjustment
View career choice and development as continual processes of adjustment and accommodation
What are four adjustment styles that explain how both the person and environment continuously achieve and maintain correspondence according to TWA?
■ Flexibility
■ Activeness
■ Reactiveness
■ Perseverance
What are 6 interest code according to Holland’s theory of vocational personalities in work environment?
- realistic
- conventional
- enterprising
- investigate
- artistic
- social
How your interest level is determined in Strong Interest Inventory (SII)?
You interest level were determined by comparing your scores against
the average scores for your gender
What are four components of SII?
– General occupational themes
– Basic interest scales
– Occupational scales
– Personal style scales
What is self concept theory/Super’s life span, life space perspective?
Self-concept theory views career choice and development as a
process of developing and implementing a person’s self-concept in a
vocational setting
What are five stages of career development according to self concept theory/Super’s life span, life space perspective?
■ Growth
■ Exploration
■ Establishment
■ Maintenance
■ Disengagement
What is social cognitive career theory?
■ Self-efficacy expectations: beliefs people have about their ability to
successfully complete a task
– Individuals develop their sense of self-efficacy from personal
performance, social interactions, and how they feel in a situation
■ Outcome expectations: beliefs related to the consequences of
performing a specific behavior
– Individuals develop outcomes expectations from past
experiences, either direct or vicarious, and the perceived results
of these experiences
What are critiques of career counseling?
Generalizability
■ Major theories vocational psychology were all developed in the US
■ Mixed support in international studies
■ Vocational psychology has largely been based on work with middle-
and upper-class White men
Underlying Assumptions
■ People’s career choices are driven by intrinsic interest in particular
work activities & seeking personal fulfillment
■ This does no necessarily apply to low-SES people
– E.g., Blustein et al. (2002): young adults in working-class jobs
■ High-SES: work for personal interest & fulfillment
■ Low-SES: work for economic survival, emphasize importance of
money
■ People have individual control over their career path and are free to
choose their careers
– Many people face external, systemic barriers to finding
employment, or make vocational choices out of necessity
■ E.g., employment discrimination, lack of transportation, limited
access to education, etc.
■ Another limitation: Career counseling can be expensive!
TWA: Flexibility
– Person’s level of tolerance for person-environment discorrespondence and
whether they have a tendency to become easily dissatisfied with the environment
TWA: Activeness
– The tendency to actively work on the environment to change discorrespondence
and/or dissatisfaction
TWA: Reactiveness
– The tendency to adjust the self to deal with discorrespondence without acting on the environment
TWA: Perseverance
– The degree of resolve and persistence of a person to adjust and accommodate
before choosing to leave an environment
