Career Flashcards
Characteristics of effective Interventions
Holistic, comprehensive, systematic; provided developmentally across the lifespan.
Must promote self-awareness, and cope with change and ambiguity, maintain skills, lifelong learning, provide career mentoring, promote multicultural awareness
Promote social justice and advocacy
Parson’s Theory
- Develop a clear understanding of yourself-aptitudes, abilities, interests, resources, limitations, and other qualities.
- Develop knowledge of the requirements and conditions of success, advantages and disadvantages, pay, opportunities, and job prospects.
- Use true reasoning to relate these two groups of facts
* This is an Actuarial Process
Trait and Factor Theory
Based on psychological factors, a person is best fitted for a specific type of work
Workers in difference occupations have different psychological characteristics
Occupational choice is a single, point-in-time event
Career development is mostly a cognitive process relying on rational decision making
Occupational adjustment depends on the degree of agreement between worker characteristics and work demands
Super
Life Space
One is living a life, while working.
Combination of life roles (life style) creates a life cycle, then a career pattern
“People differ in the degree of importance they attach to work”
Super
Life Span
Growth (4-13): Fantasy, interests, capacities
Exploration (14-24): crystallizing, specifying, implementing
Establishment (25-45): stabilizing, consolidating, advancing
Maintenance (45-65): holding, updating, innovating
Disengagement (65 and up): retirement, deceleration
Super
Self-concept
Career decisions reflect our attempts at translating our self-understanding
Objective and Subjective
Develops over time
Gottfredson
Compromise
The process of modifying career choices due to limiting factors such as job availability, prestige, sex, and field of interest
Gottfredson
Circumscription
The process of eliminating unacceptable occupational alternatives based primarily on gender and social class
- Orientation to size and power (3-5)
- Orientation to sex roles (6-8)
- Orientation to social valuation (9-13)
- Orientation to unique, internal self (14+)
Holland
Person-Environment
People search for environments that will let them use their skills and abilities to express their attitudes and values as well as take on agreeable problems and roles
A person’s behavior is determined by an interaction between his/her personality and the characteristics of his/her environment
Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, Conventional
Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT)
Cognitive factors play an important role in career development and decision making
Interventions are geared toward self-efficacy beliefs and outcome expectations
Four Sources of Self-Efficacy
Personal Performance Accomplishments
Vicarious Learning
Social Persuasion
Physiological States & Reactions
Etic Perspective
Same interventions for everyone
Emic Perspective
Culture specific interventions
Acculturation
The process of adopting the cultural traits or social patterns of another group
Can be marginal (not accepting either culture fully) or bicultural (accepting both cultures fully)
Ethnocentrism
When counselors assume the their own value system is superior and preferable to another.
Brown
Value Based Model
Values with high priority influence and determine the occupation chosen. This is essential to overall satisfaction. Success in the chosen role depends on the abilities required to perform the role’s functions
High functioning people have well-developed and prioritized values
Racial Identity Model
Conformity Dissonance Resistance and Immersion Introspection Synergy
Implications
Women are 47-50% of the workforce
1/3 of new workers are from diverse populations
Health care/disease treatment advances
The “Good old Girl” network will increase
Longevity will increase
Nesting Syndrome will continue
Americans 65 and older will increase
4 million+ workers in workforce
4 out of 5 Jobs are in the Service or Information Industries
Higher Skill levels are required
Strategies/Techniques of 21st Century
Cultural Diversity is now the norm
Continued focus on Physical well-being
Continued concern regarding environmental issues
Ethical Principals
Beneficence
Life Span, Life Space, Self-Concept
If you do not know about it, you cannot aspire to be it. If you have no role model, you have no reference to become what you want to become
Self-Efficacy
A complete conviction that you believe that you are 100% capable of doing something
Which is the most important of the Forces which Shape Self-efficacy?
Personal Performance accomplishments
Positivistic Scientific Tradition
If it cannot be tested, then it is not worth being looked at
The Social Contract
The idea that we get in what we put out. Or, the notion that if we put our all into our career that the company will take care of us
ie: “til death do us part”
Life Structure
The salience people attach to the constellation of life roles they play
Differentiation
The degree of difference between a person’s resemblance to one type and to other types; the shape of a profile of interests.
Undifferentiated suggests a poorly defined profile
Congruence
The degree of fit between an individual’s personality type and current or prospective work environment. Relates to continuity as well as being adjacent on the “hexagon”.
Incongruence suggests a lack of fit, dissatisfaction, instability and low performance
Congruence suggests job satisfaction and a stable career path
