Career

Question 1

Characteristics of effective Interventions

Answer 1

Holistic, comprehensive, systematic; provided developmentally across the lifespan.
Must promote self-awareness, and cope with change and ambiguity, maintain skills, lifelong learning, provide career mentoring, promote multicultural awareness
Promote social justice and advocacy

Question 2

Parson’s Theory

Answer 2

1. Develop a clear understanding of yourself-aptitudes, abilities, interests, resources, limitations, and other qualities.
2. Develop knowledge of the requirements and conditions of success, advantages and disadvantages, pay, opportunities, and job prospects.
3. Use true reasoning to relate these two groups of facts
   * This is an Actuarial Process

Question 3

Trait and Factor Theory

Answer 3

Based on psychological factors, a person is best fitted for a specific type of work
Workers in difference occupations have different psychological characteristics
Occupational choice is a single, point-in-time event
Career development is mostly a cognitive process relying on rational decision making
Occupational adjustment depends on the degree of agreement between worker characteristics and work demands

Question 4

Super

Life Space

Answer 4

One is living a life, while working.
Combination of life roles (life style) creates a life cycle, then a career pattern
“People differ in the degree of importance they attach to work”

Question 5

Super

Life Span

Answer 5

Growth (4-13): Fantasy, interests, capacities
Exploration (14-24): crystallizing, specifying, implementing
Establishment (25-45): stabilizing, consolidating, advancing
Maintenance (45-65): holding, updating, innovating
Disengagement (65 and up): retirement, deceleration

Question 6

Super

Self-concept

Answer 6

Career decisions reflect our attempts at translating our self-understanding
Objective and Subjective
Develops over time

Question 7

Gottfredson

Compromise

Answer 7

The process of modifying career choices due to limiting factors such as job availability, prestige, sex, and field of interest

Question 8

Gottfredson

Circumscription

Answer 8

The process of eliminating unacceptable occupational alternatives based primarily on gender and social class

1. Orientation to size and power (3-5)
2. Orientation to sex roles (6-8)
3. Orientation to social valuation (9-13)
4. Orientation to unique, internal self (14+)

Question 9

Holland

Person-Environment

Answer 9

People search for environments that will let them use their skills and abilities to express their attitudes and values as well as take on agreeable problems and roles
A person’s behavior is determined by an interaction between his/her personality and the characteristics of his/her environment
Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, Conventional

Question 10

Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT)

Answer 10

Cognitive factors play an important role in career development and decision making
Interventions are geared toward self-efficacy beliefs and outcome expectations

Question 11

Four Sources of Self-Efficacy

Answer 11

Personal Performance Accomplishments
Vicarious Learning
Social Persuasion
Physiological States & Reactions

Question 12

Etic Perspective

Answer 12

Same interventions for everyone

Question 13

Emic Perspective

Answer 13

Culture specific interventions

Question 14

Acculturation

Answer 14

The process of adopting the cultural traits or social patterns of another group
Can be marginal (not accepting either culture fully) or bicultural (accepting both cultures fully)

Question 15

Ethnocentrism

Answer 15

When counselors assume the their own value system is superior and preferable to another.

Question 16

Brown

Value Based Model

Answer 16

Values with high priority influence and determine the occupation chosen. This is essential to overall satisfaction. Success in the chosen role depends on the abilities required to perform the role’s functions
High functioning people have well-developed and prioritized values

Question 17

Racial Identity Model

Answer 17

Conformity
Dissonance
Resistance and Immersion
Introspection
Synergy

Question 18

Implications

Answer 18

Women are 47-50% of the workforce
1/3 of new workers are from diverse populations
Health care/disease treatment advances
The “Good old Girl” network will increase
Longevity will increase
Nesting Syndrome will continue
Americans 65 and older will increase
4 million+ workers in workforce
4 out of 5 Jobs are in the Service or Information Industries
Higher Skill levels are required

Question 19

Strategies/Techniques of 21st Century

Answer 19

Cultural Diversity is now the norm
Continued focus on Physical well-being
Continued concern regarding environmental issues

Question 20

Ethical Principals

Answer 20

Beneficence

Question 21

Life Span, Life Space, Self-Concept

Answer 21

If you do not know about it, you cannot aspire to be it. If you have no role model, you have no reference to become what you want to become

Question 22

Self-Efficacy

Answer 22

A complete conviction that you believe that you are 100% capable of doing something

Question 23

Which is the most important of the Forces which Shape Self-efficacy?

Answer 23

Personal Performance accomplishments

Question 24

Positivistic Scientific Tradition

Answer 24

If it cannot be tested, then it is not worth being looked at

Question 25

The Social Contract

Answer 25

The idea that we get in what we put out. Or, the notion that if we put our all into our career that the company will take care of us
ie: “til death do us part”

Question 26

Life Structure

Answer 26

The salience people attach to the constellation of life roles they play

Question 27

Differentiation

Answer 27

The degree of difference between a person’s resemblance to one type and to other types; the shape of a profile of interests.
Undifferentiated suggests a poorly defined profile

Question 28

Congruence

Answer 28

The degree of fit between an individual’s personality type and current or prospective work environment. Relates to continuity as well as being adjacent on the “hexagon”.
Incongruence suggests a lack of fit, dissatisfaction, instability and low performance
Congruence suggests job satisfaction and a stable career path