Care plan Flashcards
whats the plan to manage stage 3 AKI in hospitals?
Fluid management: Patients with Stage 3 AKI may require fluid restriction or intravenous fluids to maintain their fluid and electrolyte balance.
Medications: Medications may be prescribed to manage the underlying cause of AKI or to prevent complications such as infections or blood clots.
Nutritional support: Adequate nutritional support is essential for patients with Stage 3 AKI to prevent malnutrition and maintain muscle mass.
Dialysis: Dialysis may be necessary for patients with severe AKI who have significant electrolyte imbalances, high levels of waste products in the blood, or fluid overload.
Monitoring: Patients with Stage 3 AKI require close monitoring of their kidney function, vital signs, and fluid and electrolyte balance.
whats the plan to manage stage 3 AKI in hospitals?
Fluid management: fluid restriction/ IV fluids to maintain fluid + electrolyte balance.
Medications: manage underlying cause of AKI/ prevent complications such as infections/ blood clots.
Nutritional support: prevent malnutrition + maintain muscle mass.
Dialysis: for severe AKI who have significant electrolyte imbalances, high levels of waste products in the blood, or fluid overload.
Monitoring: kidney function, vital signs, and fluid and electrolyte balance.
what should be monitored for stage 3 AKI?
kidney function, vital signs, and fluid and electrolyte balance.
what medications may be prescribed to help manage AKI stage 3?
Diuretics: help remove excess fluid from body. used to manage fluid overload
Vasopressors: help increase BP + blood flow to the kidneys. used to manage low blood pressure in patients with AKI.
Antibiotics: treat infections that can cause AKI or to prevent infections in patients with AKI who have a weakened immune system.
Anticoagulants: prevent blood clots in patients with AKI who are at high risk for developing them.
Bicarbonate: to manage metabolic acidosis, a condition that can occur in patients with AKI.
what monitoring is very important in AKI?
creatinine !!
What are the monitoring parameters for changing enoxaparin to unfractioned heparin UFH?
Platelet count: UFH can cause a decrease in platelet count, which is a condition known as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Therefore, patients should have their platelet count monitored regularly during the transition from enoxaparin to UFH.
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT): UFH is typically dosed based on the patient’s aPTT, which is a laboratory test that measures the time it takes for blood to clot. During the transition from enoxaparin to UFH, the healthcare provider will monitor the patient’s aPTT to ensure that they are receiving the appropriate dose of UFH.
Renal function: UFH is primarily eliminated by the kidneys, so patients with renal impairment may require dose adjustments or more frequent monitoring of UFH levels. Therefore, patients’ renal function should be monitored during the transition from enoxaparin to UFH.
Bleeding events: Both enoxaparin and UFH can increase the risk of bleeding. Therefore, patients should be monitored for signs of bleeding during the transition from one medication to the other.
what monitoring needed when px on warfarin?
INR
how to monitor patient’s pain when switched from codeine to paracetamol?
Pain scales: Assess pain using 0-10 scale.
Pain diaries: Record pain levels over time.
Observation: Look for signs of pain.
Patient feedback: Ask patient about pain and medication effectiveness.
What is the guidance for treating iron deficiency? Course length?
Mild iron deficiency: oral iron supplementation for 3-6 months.
Moderate to severe iron deficiency or malabsorption: IV iron supplementation.
What counselling point would you offer the patient when treating iron deficiency? 6
Follow HCP instructions.
Take with food to avoid GI side effects.
Dark stools are normal.
Don’t take with calcium, antacids, or tetracyclines.
Inform healthcare provider of all medications.
Store in a cool, dry place away from children.
What’s the threshold to consider a blood transfusion? for iron deficiency
varies depending on the px clinical status + underlying medical conditions.
Generally, a hemoglobin level of less than 7-8 g/dL = trigger for blood transfusion in symptomatic patients.
In CVD/ other comorbidities, a higher hemoglobin threshold may be used.
what to monitor ongoing for statin therapy? why
LFTs
can help identify early signs of liver damage or dysfunction, such as elevated levels of liver enzymes (ALT and AST). If significant liver abnormalities are detected, HCP may consider adjusting the statin dose or switching to a different medication.
