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Unit 3 Care Of The Infant > Care Of A Preschooler > Flashcards

Care Of A Preschooler Flashcards

1
Q

What is the age range for Erikson’s stage of “Initiative vs Guilt”?

A

3 to 6 years

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2
Q

Which Freudian stage corresponds to children aged 3-6 years?

A

Phallic

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3
Q

What are the two stages in cognitive development for children aged 3 to 7 years?

A

Preconceptual Preoperational (3-4 years old)
Preconceptual Intuitive (5-7 years old)

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4
Q

How do children in the preconceptual stage (3-4 years old) learn?

A

They learn by asking questions.

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5
Q

What is Centration in cognitive development?

A

Centration is when children focus on one characteristic of an object or person and base their decision on that one characteristic.

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6
Q

What cognitive concept are children in the preconceptual stage not yet aware of?

A

The Law of Conservation.

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7
Q

What is the moral and spiritual development level for children aged 3-6 years?

A

Level 1 Preconventional: Individualism & Exchange. They determine right and wrong based on their parents’ rules.

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8
Q

What are common fears for children in the age group of 3-6 years?

A

Mutilation and castration.

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9
Q

What type of play is common for children aged 3-6 years?

A

Associative Play
Imitation Play

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10
Q

What toys are suitable for children aged 3-6 years?

A

Simple jigsaw puzzle
Dolls
Coloring book
Pencils, pens, and crayons

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11
Q

How does a child’s physical growth change during early childhood?

A

Children become slimmer, taller, and have more childlike proportions.

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12
Q

What becomes apparent regarding a child’s body type between ages 3-6 years?

A

Contour changes are so definite that the future body type (ectomorphic - slim or endomorphic - large) becomes apparent

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13
Q

What physical milestone regarding handedness occurs during early childhood?

A

Handedness begins to be obvious

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14
Q

What change happens to a child’s lymphatic tissue during early childhood?

A

Lymphatic tissue increases in size, particularly the tonsils, and levels of IgG and IgA antibodies rise.

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15
Q

What are the normal pulse rate (PR) and blood pressure (BP) for a child aged 3-6 years?

A

Pulse Rate (PR): 85 bpm
Blood Pressure (BP): 100/60 mmHg

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16
Q

Where is the bladder easily palpable in a child aged 3-6 years?

A

The bladder is easily palpable at the symphysis pubis, and the child voids 9-10 times daily.

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17
Q

What is a typical foot development milestone in early childhood?

A

A well-formed arch in the foot.

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18
Q

How much weight do children aged 3-6 years gain per year?

A

They gain a slight weight of 4.5 lbs (2 kg) per year.

19
Q

How does a child’s appetite change in early childhood?

A

The appetite remains the same as it was during the toddler years.

20
Q

How much height do children aged 3-6 years gain per year?

A

Height gain is minimal, around 2-3.5 inches (6-8 cm) per year.

21
Q

How many deciduous teeth do children have by 3 years old?

A

20 deciduous teeth.

22
Q

Why is it important to preserve deciduous teeth?

A

Permanent teeth erupt during the school-age period.
Deciduous teeth hold the position for permanent teeth as the jaw grows larger.

23
Q

What is a fine motor milestone for a 3-year-old?

A

Undresses self
Stacks tower of blocks
Draws a cross

24
Q

What is a gross motor milestone for a 3-year-old?

A

Runs
Alternates feet on stairs
Rides a tricycle
Stands on one foot

25
Q

What is a fine motor milestone for a 4-year-old?

A

Can button simple buttons.

26
Q

What is a fine motor milestone for a 5-year-old?

A

Can draw a six-part figure
Can lace shoes

27
Q

What is the vocabulary of a 3-year-old?

A

900 words

28
Q

What is the vocabulary of a 4-year-old?

A

1500 words.

29
Q

What is the vocabulary of a 5-year-old?

A

2100 words.

30
Q

What are play characteristics of a 3-year-old?

A

Able to take turns
Very imaginative
Constantly in motion
Jumps
Skips
Throws overhead

31
Q

What are play characteristics of a 4-year-old?

A

Pretending is a major activity
Enjoys roughhousing and imitative play

32
Q

What are play characteristics of a 5-year-old?

A

Likes games with numbers or letters
Interested in group games
Enjoys reciting songs they have learned

33
Q

What is egocentrism in language development?

A

Perceiving that one’s thoughts and needs are more important than those of others.

34
Q

How do children aged 4-5 years engage in mealtime conversations?

A

They enjoy participating and can describe an incident from their day in great detail.

35
Q

What is the emotional development stage of initiative in preschoolers?

A

Preschoolers like to explore because they have discovered that learning new things is fun.

36
Q

What can develop in a child when they are punished or criticized for their attempts at initiative?

A

Guilt, which may make it difficult for them to envision their capability to solve problems in the future.

37
Q

How can initiative be promoted in preschool children?

A

Expose children to a variety of experiences and play materials.
Encourage exploration outside the home.
Provide materials for creative play.
Role model and introduce the child to your work environment

38
Q

hat is magical thinking in preschoolers?

A

Magical thinking is the belief that their thoughts can influence events or reality, and it is part of their fantasy development.

39
Q

What is the Oedipus Complex in preschoolers?

A

A strong emotional attachment a preschool boy demonstrates toward his mother.

40
Q

What is the Electra Complex in preschoolers?

A

A strong emotional attachment a preschool girl demonstrates toward her father.

41
Q

How do preschool children become aware of gender roles?

A

They become aware of gender differences through exposure to adults of the opposite gender, and through the reinforcement of gender-typical behaviors by parents, teachers, and peers.

42
Q

How does socialization affect preschoolers?

A

Exposure to other playmates helps preschoolers relate to others more easily than those who have limited interaction with peers.

43
Q

How do 4-year-olds engage in social interactions?

A

: They may engage in arguments as they become more aware of their role in a group

44
Q

How do 5-year-olds begin to form friendships?

A

They begin to develop best friendships based on proximity, like who they walk to school with or who lives closest to them.

Unit 3 Care Of The Infant (2 decks)

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