Care Continuum Flashcards
(28 cards)
Prevention, Cancer Care
Protection
Health Promotion
Eliminate cause/exposure
Primary Prevention
Preventive measures that prevent the onset of illness or injury before the disease process begins, Example, exercise
Secondary Prevention
Preventive measures that lead to early diagnosis and prompt treatment of a disease, illness or injury to prevent more severe problems developing.
Example: Self breast exams, screening
Tertiary prevention
Preventive measures aimed at rehabilitation following significant illness
Risk
The likelihood that exposure to a certain factor will influence the chance of developing a particular cancer based on the national average
Absolute Risk
Measure of cancer occurrence in terms of cancer incidence and mortality
Risk assessment
Probability of a person developing a disease, disability or death predicted through individuals risk factors
Prevention Theoretical Principle
Prevention HAS to make a difference in outcomes, disease course, or survival
Ex: Smoking cessation
Epidemiology
study of distribution and determinants of health-related states or events to control diseases/health problems
Cancer Preventable Risks
Lifestyle-Tobacco, alcohol, diet
Occupational/physical/environmental-pesticides, dyes, asbestos, radon, UVB
Biologic: VIRUS*
Steroids-anabolic steroids, fertility drugs
Inherent risks of Cancer
Age-older age is greatest overall risk
Gender-related to hormones
Genetic-can inherit RISK, but NOT CANCER
Signs and symptoms of colon cancer
Right sided tumors: dull pain, weight loss, fatigue, melena, anemia, palpable mass
Left side: constipation alternating with diarrhea, cramps, gas, pain, bright red blood, incomplete stooling
Rectal: bleeding, rectal fullness, urgency, tenesmus
Modifiable risk factors for colon cancer
Obesity
physical inactivity-should get 150 min/week
long term smoking
low intake fiber, fresh fruits, veggies, calcium
moderate/heavy alcohol intake
high intake red/processed meats
Genetic risk for colon cancer
Personal/family history of cancer or polyps
History of inflammatory bowel disease
inherited conditions, such as lynch syndrome
type II diabetes
SCREENING for colon cancer is the biggest factor in….
SURVIVAL
Screening in CRC
Begin at age 45 w/ average risk
Fecal occult blood test annually for fecal immunochemical test every 5 years AND
Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years OR
Colonoscopy, repeat every 10 years if normal
CT Colonography every 5 years
Genetic risk factors in Acute Leukemia
Familial tendency
Downs syndrome
Fanconi’s syndrome
Blooms syndrome
Risk factors Acute Leukemia
Smoking radiation chemicals-benzene alkylating agents=Cytoxan, Ifosfamide, cisplatin *VIRUS
Multiple/mass screening
screen entire population
single screening
screen for a specific condition
multiple screen
screen for 2 or more conditions
multiphasic screening
profile over time
morbidity
INCIDENCE-how many people HAVE the disease
Mortality (LOOK AT p 10 ACS facts and figures)
DEATH-how many people die from the disease
