cards Flashcards
The interaction between Aliivibrio fischeri and the squid can be classified as _____________ because ________________.
A. Mutualism; they both benefit and A. fisheri never leaves the light organ once its colonized
B. Cooperation; they can live without one another but working together increases the fitness of both
C. Commensalism; they live together but there is no benefit to the A. fisheri
D. Predation; the squid uses the bacteria as an energy source
E. Parasitism; they coexist but there is no benefit to the A. fisheri
Cooperation; they can live without one another but working together increases the fitness of both
squid gives bacteria a home
bacteria help the fish camoflauge
The sequences of which of the following are required for transcription to occur properly?
Pribnow box, Trailer, Shine-Dalgarno sequence, Terminator, Leader sequence
1
2
3
4
5
B terminator and pribnow box are required for transcription of mrna
Where does substrate level phosphorylation occur?
A. Glycolysis
B. Reverse TCA cycle
C. Electron transport chain
D. ATP synthase
E. All of the above
glycolysis
b-no slp
c-atp synthase is driven by PMF
d-atp synthase uses pmf
slp only in glycolysis and tca
The mechanism by which cable bacteria reduce methane emissions in rice fields includes:
A. They outcompete methanogens for organic carbon
B. They provide sulfate reducing bacteria with an electron donor
C. They lower the pH in the soil, which prevents growth of methanogens
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
E
a- only sulfate reducing bacteria outcomepete methanogens
b- cable bacteria do not provide suldate reducing bacteria with an electron donor, capble bacteria give sulfate reducing bacteria SO4- which is an electron acceptor
c- false not talked about, only take away their food
In order for obligate anaerobes to grow on a rock exposed to the air (78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% argon), the bacteria would need what protein(s)?
A. Catalase and superoxidase dismutase
B. Cytochromes that can use oxygen as a final electron acceptor
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B
Catalase and superoxidase dismutase
Obligate anaerobes are obligate anaerobes because oxygen is toxic. If they expressed catalase and superoxide dismutase, they could grow in oxygen. Just because they grow in oxygen does not mean they need to use oxygen as a final electron acceptor. For that reason, B is not a correct answer.
to survive in environments with oxygen (such as a rock exposed to air), obligate anaerobes would need proteins that help neutralize these toxic oxygen species, as oxygen is toxic to them. Catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) into water and oxygen. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) converts superoxide radicals (O₂⁻) into less toxic molecules like hydrogen peroxide, which is then broken down by catalase.
