Cards Flashcards
Turner Thesis
The Turner Thesis, proposed by Frederick Jackson Turner in 1893, argued that the American frontier shaped the nation’s democracy, individualism, and innovation. He believed the frontier distinguished American society from Europe, though critics argue it overlooks the roles of Native Americans, women, and other groups.
Homestead Act
The Homestead Act of 1862 granted 160 acres of public land to settlers who lived on and improved the land for five years. It encouraged westward expansion but also led to conflicts with Native Americans and challenges for settlers.
Navajo Long walk
1864, walk to Bosque Redondo
Dawes Act
The Dawes Act of 1887 aimed to assimilate Native Americans by dividing tribal lands into individual allotments.
Booker T. Washington
African American educator and leader who founded the Tuskegee Institute and promoted vocational training as a means for Black advancement. He advocated for gradual social change through self-help and economic progress, a stance that sparked debate among civil rights leaders.
USS Maine
In February 1898, the USS Maine exploded in Havana Harbor, Sparked Spanish-American war
Battle of Manila Bay
The Battle of Manila Bay (May 1, 1898) was a decisive U.S. naval victory in the Spanish-American War, securing U.S. control over the Philippines.
Battle of Santiago Bay
The Battle of Santiago Bay (July 3, 1898). This victory secured American control in the Caribbean and hastened the end of Spanish colonial rule.
Theodore Rosevelt Charge
During the Spanish-American War in 1898, Theodore Roosevelt led a charge up San Juan Hill in Cuba, became national hero.
Annexation of Hawaii and Acquisition of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam
In 1898, the U.S. annexed Hawaii through a joint resolution of Congress (the Newlands Resolution) and acquired the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam following its victory in the Spanish-American War via the Treaty of Paris.
Philippine-American War
The Philippine-American War lasted from 1899 to 1902 and began after the U.S. took control of the Philippines following the Spanish-American War. Filipinos turned against the U.S. When McKinley decided to keep the Islands.
Model T
Introduced in 1908 by the Ford Motor Company, the Model T revolutionized transportation through mass production and assembly line techniques that dramatically lowered costs. Its affordable design helped make car ownership accessible to the American middle class.
Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt was the 26th U.S. president (1901–1909) (Manly), known for his progressive reforms, conservation efforts, and strong foreign policy. He expanded presidential power, championed the Square Deal, built the Panama Canal, and strengthened America’s global influence.
Open Door Policy
The Open Door policy was a statement of principles initiated by the the Secretary of State John Hay in of the United States in 1899 and 1900. It called for protection of equal privileges for all countries trading with China and for the support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity.
Square Deal
The Square Deal was Theodore Roosevelt’s domestic program, which reflected his three major goals: conservation of natural resources, corporate law, and consumer protection.
William Howard Taft
William Howard Taft was the 27th U.S. president (1909–1913), known for his trust-busting policies and support of the Progressive movement. Supported 16th amendment.
Monroe Docterine
Established by president James Monroe in 1823, it had three main concepts: Separate spheres of influence for the Americas and Europe (America had western half, ), non-colonization, and non-intervention. Panama Canal
The Lusitania
The sinking of the Lusitania occurred on May 7, 1915, when a German U-boat torpedoed the British passenger ship, killing 1,198 people, including 128 Americans.
German Submarine Warfare
In 1915, Germany suspended unrestricted submarine warfare after the sinking of the Lusitania but resumed it in early 1917. The reimplementation aimed to cut off Britain’s supply lines, leading to the U.S. entering World War I after German attacks on American ships.
Zimmerman Telegraph
The Zimmerman Telegram, sent in January 1917, was a secret German message to Mexico proposing a military alliance against the U.S. in exchange for territory. Its interception and publication helped sway U.S. public opinion, contributing to America’s decision to enter World War I.
Moral Imperialism
Moral Imperialism was a policy promoted by President Woodrow Wilson, which argued that the U.S. had a duty to spread democracy and moral values around the world. It led to American intervention in Latin America and other regions to promote political stability and democratic governance.
Wilson’s 14 points
Wilson’s 14 Points, introduced in January 1918, were President Woodrow Wilson’s proposals for a fair and lasting peace after World War I. They included ideas for self-determination, free trade, disarmament, and the creation of the League of Nations to prevent future conflicts. Strictly American Virtue.
Self determination and Open diplomacy
Self-determination is the right of people or nations to decide their own political status and govern themselves without external interference. Open diplomacy refers to transparent, public negotiations between countries, as opposed to secret treaties or backroom deals.
Prohibition
1919: 18th amendment prohibits manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquor
Marcus Garvey
Marcus Garvey was a Jamaican-born African American leader in the early 20th century who advocated for Black nationalism, Pan-Africanism, and the “Back to Africa” movement. He founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and promoted racial pride, self-reliance, and unity among people of African descent.
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28, 1919, officially ending World War I. It imposed heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany, redrew European borders, and established the League of Nations, but its harsh terms contributed to economic instability and tensions that led to World War II. Formed League of Nations.
Nations formed post WW1
Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Yugoslavia, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
