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Cardiovascular > Cardivascular overview > Flashcards

Cardivascular overview Flashcards

1
Q

Issues of Pressure?

A

Hyper and hypotension
Heart failure

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2
Q

Issues of Rhythm?

A

Electrical function
Arrhythmias

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3
Q

Issues of blood, its processes and problems?

A

Formation
Bleeding and clotting
Anaemias

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4
Q

Describe Hyper and hypotension

A
  • Excessive or insufficient intravascular pressure
  • Causing vessel and organ damage if excessive
  • Hypertension is silent and so monitoring is essential
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5
Q

Describe Lead up to Heart failure

A
  • Compensatory mechanisms due to inadequacy of circulation
  • Increased heart rate, hypertrophy of heart muscle, arrhythmia from excessive calcium release
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6
Q

Describe Electrical function

A
  • Sinoatrial node fires
  • Triggers atrioventricular node to fire
  • Travels down the bundle branches and through Purkinje fibres
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7
Q

Describe Dangers Arrhythmias

A
  • Palpitation vs genuine arrhythmia
  • Dangerous presentations Dizziness or loss of consciousness, unexplained blackout or collapse, associated chest pain, known history of heart disease , family history of arrhythmia or sudden death
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8
Q

Describe Blood components & formation

A
  • Plasma, formed elements, haemoglobin
  • Lipids, amino acids, glucose, iron, copper, zinc, B vitamins
  • RBC lifecycle 120 days from erythropoiesis in bone marrow to macrophage destruction and removal
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9
Q

Describe Bleeding and clotting

A
  • Stages of haemostasis vasoconstriction, platelet plug formation, coagulation
  • Hypocoagulability haemophilia, thrombocytopaenia, liver disease etc.
  • Hypercoagulability inherited thrombophilia or acquired e.g. surgery, oral contraceptive pill Anaemias
  • Clots – stroke and TIA
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10
Q

Describe Anaemia and Types

A
  • Deficiency – iron, B12 (megaloblastic)
  • Intrinsic or extrinsic haemolytic destruction
  • Aplastic e.g. autoimmune
  • Anaemia of chronic disease e.g. inflammation, malignancy
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11
Q

Describe impairments of circulation

A
  1. Abnormality of or damage to vessels
  2. Abnormality of or damage to valves
  3. Inappropriate vasospasm or vasodilation
  4. Occlusion of vessels due to atherosclerosis

Problems arise as a result of tissue hypoxia and direct damage to adjacent tissues from inflammation and pressure

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12
Q

Named Issues with pressure:

A
  • Hypertension
  • Hypotension
  • Heart failure
  • Pre-eclampsia
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13
Q

Named Issues with rhythm:

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Bradycardia
  • POTS
  • Cardiac arrest
  • Atrial fibrillation
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14
Q

Named Issues with coagulation:

A
  • Embolism
  • Clot
  • Stroke
  • Haemophilia
  • Anaemias
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15
Q

Issues with circulation:

A
  • Venous insufficiency
  • Raynauds
  • Varicose veins
  • CAD
  • Intermittent claudication
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Cardiovascular (2 decks)

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