cardiovasual system Flashcards
: What are the components of the cardiovascular system?
The cardiovascular system comprises the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
: What is blood composed of?
Blood is composed of formed elements and plasma.
Define plasma.
: Plasma is the liquid part of blood, serving as a crucial component for maintaining homeostasis.
: What are the main components of plasma?
plasma contains proteins, ions, nutrients, waste products, gases, and regulatory substances.
what are the roles of albumin in the plasma?
: Albumin functions as a transport protein in the plasma.
Name the three types of formed elements in blood.
The formed elements in blood are erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes.
Describe the structure of erythrocytes (red blood cells).
: Erythrocytes are biconcave disks without nuclei, containing hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.
What is the function of erythrocytes in the body?
Erythrocytes transport oxygen, carbon dioxide, and acid in the bloodstream and remain within blood vessels under normal circumstances.
name the different types of leukocytes (white blood cells) and their percentages in the total WBC count.
Leukocytes include granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) and agranulocytes (monocytes, lymphocytes)
What is the primary function of neutrophils?
Neutrophils are the first white blood cells to respond to tissue damage and perform phagocytosis, releasing the enzyme lysozyme.
What are the functions of basophils?
Basophils function in damaged tissues and allergic reactions, releasing histamine to dilate blood vessels and heparin to inhibit clot formation.
What are the primary functions of eosinophils?
osinophils neutralize histamine release during allergic reactions and destroy parasitic worms.
Describe the features and functions of monocytes
Monocytes are the largest WBCs, functioning in phagocytosis of bacteria and cellular debris and transforming into macrophages in tissues
what are the two types of lymphocytes, and what are their functions?
The two types of lymphocytes are T lymphocytes, which attack and destroy pathogens, and B lymphocytes, which produce antibodies targeting bacteria and bacterial toxins.
What are thrombocytes, and what is their count per mm of blood?
Thrombocytes, also known as platelets, are cytoplasmic fragments responsible for clotting. Their count ranges from 150,000 to 400,000 per mm of blood.
n: What are the functions of platelets in the blood?
Platelets secrete vasoconstrictors, clotting factors, and chemicals to attract other WBCs, destroy bacteria, and stimulate mitosis for vessel wall repair.
Name the ions found in the blood plasma.
The ions found in blood plasma include sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium.
what are the regulatory substances found in the blood?
Hormones are the regulatory substances present in the bloodstream.
What is bilirubin, and what is its significance?
Bilirubin is a waste product in the blood resulting from the breakdown of red blood cells, with its accumulation leading to jaundice.
Define plasma proteins and their types.
Plasma proteins are diverse, including albumin as a transport protein, globulins as antibody and transport proteins, and fibrinogen as the protein portion of a clot.
