Cardiovascularity

Question 1

• Why does acetylcholine decrease blood pressure?

Answer 1

(Sets free Nitric Acid and inhibits cardiac activity)

Question 2

• What is the effect of compressing both left and right vagus nerve?

Answer 2

(respiration stops, then deeper and less frequent, heart rate increase)

Question 3

• Which vasomotor centre shows spontaneous activity?

Answer 3

(Pressor area)

Question 4

• What is the role of apneustic center?

Answer 4

(Inspiration)

Question 5

• Where can you find the respiratory center/neorons?

Answer 5

(Brain stem, pons close to vasomotor center in reticular formation)

Question 6

• Which part do you have to stimulate of depressor

Answer 6

nerve to cause vasoconstriction?

craniolateral pressor area

Question 7

• Which part do you have to stimulate of depressor nerve to cause vasodilatation?

Answer 7

(caudomedial depressor area)

Question 8

• What nerve has the afferent fibers from baroreceptor in the carotid sinus?

Answer 8

(Hering’s nerve)

Question 9

• Where are chemoreceptors located in the CNS?

Answer 9

(bottom of 4th chamber)

Question 10

• Which nerve is efferent for the heart?

Answer 10

(n. vagus)

Question 11

• Where are volume receptors found?

Answer 11

(in the lungs and in the capacitance system of circulation eg. Right atrial wall)

Question 12

• What effect does Acetylcholine have on blood pressure?

Answer 12

(decrease blood pressure, because it sets free Nitric Acid and inhibits cardiac activity)

Question 13

• Which nerve transmits signals from depressor area to heart?

Answer 13

(vagus nerve)

Question 14

• Where are baroreceptors found?

Answer 14

(aortic arch and carotic sinus)

Question 15

• Afferent nerve of Hering-Breuer reflex?

Answer 15

(vagus nerve)

Question 16

• Where are expiratory neurons located in brainstem?

Answer 16

(ventral respiratory group)

Question 17

• Which stump of the depressor nerve do you stimulate to decrease blood pressure?

Answer 17

(vagus nerve)

Question 18

• Where are vasomotor centres located in the brain?

Answer 18

(close to respiratory centre in the reticular formation)

Question 19

• Which area of the brain show spontaneous sympathetic activity?

Answer 19

(the pressor area)

Question 20

• What effect does short term stimulation of the vagus nerve have on blood pressure?

Answer 20

(heart rate decrease, blood pressure decrease for a while)

Question 21

• Name the respiratory centres in the brainstem?

Answer 21

(dorsal and ventral respiratory groups)

Question 22

• What happens if you compress carotid artery caudal to carotid sinus?

Answer 22

(slow increase of systemic blood pressure)

Question 23

• What causes vagus apnoe?

Answer 23

(stimulating vagus, due to hering-breuer reflex)

Question 24

• Which receptors do epinephrine effect?

Answer 24

(beta 2 adrenergic receptors, and alpha 1 as well)

Question 25

• The 2 centers in the pons?

Answer 25

(pneumotaxic and apneustic)

Question 26

• What happens if you compress carotid artery cranial to carotid sinus?

Answer 26

(Increase blood pressure)

Question 27

• Which afferent nerve transfers stimuli from n. vagus to bronchopulmonary centre

Answer 27

(expiratory neurons of pons respiratory group)

Question 28

• What happen to respiration when stimuli of n. vagus?

Answer 28

(Irregular respiration)

Question 29

• EDRF?

Answer 29

(Endothelium derived reflex factor)

Question 30

• EDCF?

Answer 30

(Endothelium derived contractile factor)

Question 31

• What does short time intrinsic control depend on?

Answer 31

(myogenic control of diameter of arterioles and metarterioles)

Question 32

• Location and function of n. phrenicus?

Answer 32

(C4 segment, function is modulated by inspiratory neurons)

Question 33

• What is vasomotor center?

Answer 33

(centers in the brainstem responsible for circulation)