Cardiovascular Valvular Heart Disease Flashcards
Three types of valvular heart disease
Stenosis
Regurgitation
Mixed
Left Heart Failure affects…
The LUNGS
Right Heart Failure affects…
the PERIPHERIES
Aortic Stenosis
most common
calcification of the aortic valve - AGE
congenital - e.g. bicuspid valve
rheumatic
Pressure build up during aortic stenosis is caused by
the incomplete opening of the aortic valve.
this causes the blood to collect in the left ventricle causing pressure build up
Aortic Stenosis Symptoms
Breathlessness
Chest pain
Dizziness/syncope
What causes chest pain in aortic stenosis
reduced blood flow to coronary arteries (ischaemia)
reduced perfusion to the tissue
reduced oxygen and glucose
not enough glucose required for cell metabolism
cell’s undergo anaerobic metabolism
build up of lactic acid
nerve endings sensitive to this - PAIN
Aortic Stenosis Signs
Low volume pulse Hypertrophy - displaced apex beat EJECTION SYSTOLIC MURMUR Murmur can radiate to the carotids Quiet 2nd heart sound
Why is there a quiet 2nd heart sound in Aortic Stenosis
aortic valve is hardly moving - not much sound is produced when the valve closes
A large QRS complex on the ECG
sign of left ventricular hypertrophy
Why is a large QRS complex on the ECG a sign of left ventricular hypertrophy
Hypertrophy = enlargement of the ventricle
QRS = ventricular depolarisation
as ventricle size is increased, there the depolarisation value is increased
Aortic Stenosis Treatment
VALVE REPLACEMENT
TAVI
BAV
TAVI
trans catheter aortic valve replacement
BAV
balloon aortic valvotomy
Mechanical Prosthetic Heart Valves
longevity
warfarin for life
younger patients
