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CVPR > Cardiovascular unit 1 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How is the systemic circulatory system primarily arranged?

A

in parallel

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2
Q

Which vessel is the primary site of regulation of vascular resistance and blood flow?

A

arterioles. Remember they have the thickest layer of smooth muscle

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3
Q

What is the definition of microcirculation?

A

Defined as vasculature from first order arterioles to venules

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4
Q

How is the blood flow through capillaries determined?

A

Blood flow through capillary beds is determined by the pressure gradient, arterial and precapillary sphincters

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5
Q

Where does lymph rejoin the circulatory system?

A

subclavian veins

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6
Q

What is pericarditis?

A

inflammation of pericardium that restricts filling of heart

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7
Q

What is the diameter of the aorta?

A

25 mm = garden hose

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8
Q

what is the total blood volume?

A

5 L

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9
Q

where is the greatest blood volume in the circulatory system?

A

venous system

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10
Q

What is the biggest determinant of flow?

A

radius

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11
Q

What isoform is myosin in humans?

A

Beta –> slow ATPase

can be pathogenic

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12
Q

what isoform is tropomyosin?

A

alpha but can be pathogenic

**Skeletal has alpha AND beta

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13
Q

What is the function of titan?

A

Large protein that functions as an elastic spring in myosin

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14
Q

What are the two major isoforms of titan?

A

N2B and N2BA

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15
Q

What is the stiffer isoform of titan?

A

N2B: shorter

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16
Q

What is the less stiff isoform of titan?

A

N2BA: longer

17
Q

What mediates preload?

A

thin filaments

TN-T: truncation increases Ca2+ sensitivity
TN-I - phosphorylation decreases Ca2+ sensitivity

18
Q

What mediates afterload?

A

thick filaments

MYLC: myosin light chain
MYBPC: myosin binding protein C

19
Q

What is the cardiac output at rest?

A

4-6 L/min

20
Q

What is the main source of afterload for the left ventricle?

A

aortic pressure

21
Q

What is the main source of afterload for the right ventricle?

A

pulmonary artery pressure

22
Q

How does phosphorylation of phospholamban affect myocardium?

A

increase inotropy AND lusitropy

23
Q

How does phosphorylation of L-type calcium channels and RyR channels affect myocardium?

A

increases inotropy

24
Q

How does phosphorylation of troponin-I affect myocardium?

A

increases lusitropy

25
Q

What are the two use dependent channel blocker drugs?

A

Class I and class IV

26
Q

what is orthopnea?

A

increased shortness of breath when you lie down

when standing you have that increased blood pressure pooling at your legs with the help of gravity. When you lie down you lose the benefit of gravity and that extra blood can travel to right side of heart –> pulmonary system causing shortness of breath

27
Q

what is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?

A

delayed SOB waking patients up from sleep.

edema pooling in legs due to gravity. No longer have gravity working on your side

CVPR (1 decks)

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