CARDIOVASCULAR TERMS Flashcards
Class 1 Minimal/ heart failure stageA
- no limitations
- ordinary physical activity does not cause fatigue, dyspnea, palpiations or angina
pt is high risk for heart faliure, but no structural disorder
pt has condition associated with heart failure(diabetes, hypertension, substance abuse, hx of rheumatic fever)
no s/sx of heart failure
Class 2 Mild/Stage B
- slightly limited physical activity
- comfortable at rest
- ordinary physical activity results in fatigue, paplations, or angina
pt has structural disorder of the heart (LV hypertrophy, vavlular heart disease, previous MI, but never developed symptoms of heart failure)
Class 3 moderate/ Stage C
- markedly limited physical activity
- comfortable at rest
- less than ordinary activity can cause fatigue, palpations, dyspnea, or anginal pain
pt. has past or current symptoms of heart failure assoc. w/ structural disease. pt may display dyspnea or fatigue, but RESPONDS TO THERAPY
class 4/ Stage D
pt unable to perform any physical actvity w/out discomfort
angina or symptoms of cadiac inefficency may develop at rest. activity increase discomfort
pt has end stage disease- mechanical circulatory support, continous inotropic infusions, heart transplant, hospice care.
Frequently hospitalized and cannot be dishcarged without symptom recurrence
aneryusm
Localized dilation of the wall of the blood vessel. Usually caused by atherosclerosis and hypertension. It is less commonly caused by congenital weakness in vessel wall.
Angina Pectoris
Paroxysmal pain and choking feeling caused by anoxia of the myocardium.
Arteriosclerosis
Common arterial disorder characterized by thickening, loss of elasticity and calcification of arterial walls, resulting in decreased blood supply.
Atherosclerosis
Common arterial disorder characterized by yellowish plaques of cholesterol, lipids and cellular debris in the inner layer of walls of large and medium sized arteries.
Bradycardia
Slow rhythm characterized by a pulse rate of fewer than 60 beats per minute.
B-Type natriurectic peptide (BNP)
A neurohormone secreted by the heart in response to ventricular expansion.
Cardioversion
Restoration of the hearts normal sinus rhythm by delivery of a synchronized electric shock through two metal paddles placed on the patient’s chest.
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
Variety of conditions that obstruct blood flow in the coronary arteries.
Defibrillation
The termination of a ventricular fibrillation by delivering a direct electrical countershock to the precordium
Embolus
A foreign object, quantity of air or gas, biit of tissue or tumor, or a piece of thrombus that circulates in the bloodstream until it becomes lodged in a vessel.
Endartectomy
Surgical removal of the intimal lining of an artery.
Heart failure (HF)
Syndrome characterized by circulatory congestion due to the hearst inability to act as an effective Pump; It should be viewed as a neurohormonal problem in which pathology progresses as a result of chronic release in the body of substances such as catecholamines (ephinephrine and nonepinephrine).
Hypoxemia
An abnormal deficiency of Oxygen in the arterial blood.
Intermittent claudication
A weakness of the legs accompanied by cramp like pains in the calves caused by poor arterial circulation of the blood to the leg muscles.
Ischemia
Decreased blood supply to a body organ or part, often marked by pain and organ dysfunction.
MI
An occlusion of a major coronary artery or one of its branches: it is caused by artherosclerosis or an embolus resulting in necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle.
Occlusion
An obstruction or closing off of a canal, vessel or passage of the body.
Orthopnea
An abnormal condition in which a person must sit or stand to breathe deeply or comfortably.
Peripheral
Pertaining to the outside surface or surrounding area of an organ, other structure or fluid of vision.
Pleural effusion
An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity between the visceral and parietal pleurae.
Polycythemia
Abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood.
Pulmonary Edema
Accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissue and alveoli; caused most commonly by left-side heart failure.
Tachycardia
Tachycardia An abnormal condition in which the myocardium contracts regularly but at a rate greater than 100 beats per minute.