Cardiovascular Systems

Question 0

Atrium

Answer 0

Each of the two upper cavities of the heart from which blood is passed to the ventricles. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the veins of the body; the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein

Question 1

Heart

Answer 1

Muscular organ comprised of the two interconnected pumps that push blood through the lungs and the entire body

Question 2

Ventricle

Answer 2

Each of the two main chambers of the heart, left and right

Question 3

Tricuspid valve

Answer 3

Aka right atrioventricular valve, is on the right dorsal side of the mammalian heart. The function of the valve is to prevent back flow of blood into the right atrium

Question 4

Mitral valve

Answer 4

Aka left atrioventricular valve, prevents the flow of blood from the ventricles back into the atria during ventricular contraction

Question 5

Systole

Answer 5

Ventricular contraction

Question 6

Aortic valve

Answer 6

Half of the the semilunar valves, prevent backflow from the aorta and pulmonary arteries into the ventricles during ventricular relaxation

Question 7

Diastole

Answer 7

Ventricular relaxation

Question 8

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Answer 8

The intrinsic pacemaker – where rhythmic electrical impulses are normally initiated

Question 9

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Answer 9

Where impulse is delayed slightly before passing into the ventricles

Question 10

Atrioventricular (AB) bundle

Answer 10

Conductor of the impulse to the ventricle

Question 11

Left and right bundle branches

Answer 11

Branches that further divide into the Purkinje fibers

Question 12

Purkinje fibers

Answer 12

Conductors for impulses to all parts of the ventricles

Question 13

Myocardium

Answer 13

The muscular tissue of the heart

Question 14

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 14

The part of the autonomic nervous system consisting of nerves arising from ganglia near the middle part of the spinal cord, supplying internal organs, blood vessels, and glands, and balancing the action of the parasympathetic nervous system

Question 15

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 15

The part of the autonomic nervous system that counter balances the sympathetic nerves

Question 16

Bradycardia

Answer 16

Fewer than 60 heart beats per minutes

Question 17

Tachycardia

Answer 17

More than 100 heart beats per minute

Question 18

Electrocardiogram

Answer 18

A graphic representation of the electrical activity of the heart, which can be recorded at the surface of the body

Question 19

P-wave

Answer 19

Represents atrial depolarization, which causes atrial contraction. It is generated by the changes in the electrical potential of cardiac muscles

Question 20

T-wave

Answer 20

Is caused by electrical potential generated as the ventricles recover from the state of depolarization. It represents the repolarization (or recovery) of the ventricles

Question 21

QRS complex

Answer 21

The name for the combination of three graphical deflections see on an ECG. It corresponds to the depolarization of the right and left ventricles of the heart. Composed of Q, R, and S, waves respectively

Question 22

Depolarization

Answer 22

The reversal of the membrane electrical potential, whereby the normally negative potential inside the membrane becomes slightly more positive and the outside become slightly negative

Question 23

Repolarization

Answer 23

Electrical potential generated as the ventricles recover from the state of depolarization. Cause of at-wave.

Question 24

Arterial system

Answer 24

Arteries that carry blood away from the heart

Question 25

Venous system

Answer 25

Veins that return blood toward the heart

Question 26

Arteries

Answer 26

Connective muscular tube that rapidly transport blood pumped from the heart

Question 27

Arterioles

Answer 27

Small branches of the arteries that act as control vessels through which blood enters the capillaries. They have strong, muscular walls that are capable of closing the arteriole completely or allowing it to be dilated severalfold, thus vastly altering blood flow tit the capillaries in response to the needs of the tissues.

Question 28

Capillaries

Answer 28

Thin, permeable walls whose primary function is to exchange oxygen, fluid, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, and other substances between the blood and interstitial fluid in the various tissues of the body

Question 29

Venules

Answer 29

Collectors of blood from the capillaries that gradually converge into progressively larger veins

Question 30

Veins

Answer 30

Connected muscular tubes which transport blood back to the heart

Question 31

Hemoglobin

Answer 31

An iron-protein molecule carried by the red blood cells. It transports oxygen. Also acts as an acid-base buffer, a regulator of hydrogen ion concentration, which is crucial to the rates of chemical reactions in cells

Question 32

Red blood cells

Answer 32

The major component of blood, contains large quantity of carbonic anhydrase, which catalyzes the reaction between carbon dioxide and water to facilitate carbon dioxide removal