Cardiovascular System - Wet Room St. 1 and 2 Flashcards
What are the three layers of the pericardium from external to internal?
- Fibrous pericardium
- Parietal Pericardium
- Visceral pericardium
Between which pericardial layers does the pericardial cavity lie?
- Parietal
- Visceral
What is the heart wall composed of?
- Endocardium
- Myocardium
- Epicardium (visceral pericardium)
What is the endocardium composed of?
- A single layer of squamous epithelium
What is the myocardium composed of?
- Multilayered cardiac muscle
What is the epicardium composed of?
- Simple squamous epithelium
What is the protective role of the fibrous pericardium?
Anchorage to surrounding walls
Prevents walls from filling with blood
What is cardiac tamponade?
- When excess fluid accumulates within the pericardial cavitiy due to pathology
- The excess fluid compresses the heart chambers leading to reduced filling and in some cases cardiac failure
How does the visceral pericardium receive autonomic innervation?
- From the T1-T4 nerves
- Vagus via cardiac plexus
What are the fibrous and parietal pericardium innervated mainly by?
- Phrenic nerve
What layers of the pericardium can feel pain?
- Fibrous
- Parietal
What is the function of the left and right auricles of the atria?
- Collect oxygenated (left) and deoxygenated (right) blood from the bloodstream
Try to identify
- Opening for SVC
- Interatrial spetum
- Fossa ovalis
- Opening for coronary sinus
- Opening for IVC
- Right auricle
- Crista terminalis
- Musculi pectinae
- Septal cusp of tricuspid valve
What is atrial septal defect?
- ASD is a congenital cardiac abnormality presenting in adulthood
- The fossa ovale is patent allowing pulmonary venous return from the left atrium to pass directly to the right atrium and vice versa
Identify the labels (except 8)
- Trabeculae carneae
- Chordae Tendinae
- Posterior cusp of tricuspid
- Septal cusp
- Anterior cusp
- Pulmonary trunk
- Pulmonary (semilunar) valve
- Septomarginal Trabecula
- Posterior Papillary muscles
- Anterior Papillary muscles
What is the function of the septomarginal trabeculum?
- Moderator band
- Carries signals from the intraventricular septum
How many times larger is the left ventricle compared to the right?
- 3x as big
What two vessels enter the left atrium?
Superior and inferior pulmonary vein
How many papillary muscles are found in the left and right ventricle?
- 2 in the left
- 3 in the right
Corresponds to the number of cusps in their native valves
What is the function of papillary muscles?
- Prevent the valves from inverting
What is ventricular septal defect?
- A hole in the wall between the ventricles (congenital)
What is the aetiology of VSD?
- Unknown
- More common in children with other genetic problems such as Down’s syndrome more
