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ANAPHY > Cardiovascular System (The Heart) > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System (The Heart) Flashcards

1
Q

Location of the Heart

A

Thoracic cavity between two lungs
~2/3 to left of midline
surrounded by pericardium: (2 parts)

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2
Q

2 pericardium

A

Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium

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3
Q

Inelastic and anchors heart in place

A

Fibrous pericardium

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4
Q

(Inside) double layer around
heart

A

Serous pericardium

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5
Q

layer fused to fibrous pericardium

A

Parietal

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6
Q

(Inner) layer adheres tightly to heart

A

Visceral

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7
Q

reduces friction during beat.

A

Pericardial fluid

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8
Q

Outer layer
(Heart wall)

A

Epicardium

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9
Q
  • Cardiac muscle
  • Responsible for the pumping action of the heart
  • makes up approximately 95% of the heart wall.
A

Myocardium

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10
Q
  • thin layer of endothelium
  • provides a smooth lining for the chambers of the heart and covers the valves of the heart.
A

Endocardium

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11
Q

(CLINICAL CONNECTION)
an inflammation of the myocardium that usually occurs as a complication of a viral infection, rheumatic fever, or exposure to radiation or certain chemicals or medications.

A

Myocarditis

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12
Q

(CLINICAL CONNECTION)
refers to an inflammation of the endocardium and typically involves the heart valves. Most cases are caused by bacteria (bacterial endocarditis).

A

Endocarditis

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13
Q

intravenous antibiotics

A

Tx

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14
Q

Chambers of the Heart

A

4 chamber

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15
Q

2 upper chambers

A

Atria

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16
Q

receive blood from blood vessels returning blood to the heart, called veins

A

Atria

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17
Q

2 lower chambers

A

ventricles

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18
Q

eject the blood from the heart into blood
vessels called arteries

A

ventricles

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19
Q

Wall thickness depends on work load

A
  • Atria thinnest
  • Right ventricle pumps to lungs & thinner than left
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20
Q

Forms the right border of the heart and receives blood from three veins: the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus.

A

Right Atrium

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21
Q

thin partition between the right left atrium

A

interatrial septum

22
Q

A prominent feature of this septum is an oval depression called the

A

fossa ovalis

23
Q

(the remnant) an opening in the interatrial septum of the fetal heart that normally closes soon after birth

A

foramen ovale

24
Q

blood passes from the right atrium into the right ventricle

A

tricuspid valve

25
Q

forms most of the anterior surface of the heart.

A

Right Ventricle

26
Q

inside of the right ventricle contains a series of ridges formed by raised bundles of cardiac muscle fibers called

A

trabeculae

27
Q

separate right ventricle from the left ventricle

A

interventricular septum

28
Q

blood passes from the right ventricle through

A

pulmonary valve

29
Q

divides into right and left pulmonary arteries and carries blood to the lungs.

A

pulmonary trunk

30
Q

receives blood from the lungs through four pulmonary veins.

A

Left Atrium

31
Q

Blood passes from the left atrium into the left ventricle through the

A

bicuspid (mitral) valve / left atrioventricular valve.

32
Q

the thickest chamber of the heart, averaging 10–15 mm

A

Left Ventricle

33
Q

blood passes from the left ventricle through, into the ascending aorta.

A

aortic valve

34
Q

Delivers deoxygenated blood to R. atrium
from body

A

Superior & inferior Vena Cavae

35
Q

drains heart muscle veins

A

Coronary sinus

36
Q

R. Atrium >

A

R. Ventricle

37
Q

R. Atrium > R. Ventricle pumps through

A

Pulmonary Trunk

38
Q

> R & L pulmonary arteries

A

> lungs

39
Q

from lungs, oxygenated blood

A

Pulmonary Veins

40
Q

> L. atrium

A

> Left ventricle

41
Q

> ascending aorta

A

> body

42
Q

(Between pulmonary trunk & aortic arch)
which connects the arch of the aorta and pulmonary trunk.

A

ligamentum arteriosum (fetal ductus arteriosum remnant)

43
Q

Designed to prevent back flow in response to pressure changes

A

Valves

44
Q

Between atria and ventricles

A

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

45
Q

Right valve = (3 cusps)

A

tricuspid valve

46
Q

Left valve

A

bicuspid or mitral valve

47
Q

near origin of aorta & pulmonary trunk

A

Semilunar valves

48
Q

valves respectively

A

Aortic & pulmonary

49
Q

(CLINICAL CONNECTION | Heart Valve Disorders)
narrowing of a heart valve opening that restricts
blood flow is known as

A

stenosis

50
Q

scar formation or a congenital
defect causes narrowing of the mitral valve

A

mitral stenosis

51
Q

(MVP) backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium

A

Mitral valve prolapse

52
Q

aortic valve is narrowed, and in aortic insufficiency there is backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle.

A

aortic stenosis

ANAPHY (1 decks)

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