Cardiovascular System (The Heart) Flashcards
Location of the Heart
Thoracic cavity between two lungs
~2/3 to left of midline
surrounded by pericardium: (2 parts)
2 pericardium
Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium
Inelastic and anchors heart in place
Fibrous pericardium
(Inside) double layer around
heart
Serous pericardium
layer fused to fibrous pericardium
Parietal
(Inner) layer adheres tightly to heart
Visceral
reduces friction during beat.
Pericardial fluid
Outer layer
(Heart wall)
Epicardium
- Cardiac muscle
- Responsible for the pumping action of the heart
- makes up approximately 95% of the heart wall.
Myocardium
- thin layer of endothelium
- provides a smooth lining for the chambers of the heart and covers the valves of the heart.
Endocardium
(CLINICAL CONNECTION)
an inflammation of the myocardium that usually occurs as a complication of a viral infection, rheumatic fever, or exposure to radiation or certain chemicals or medications.
Myocarditis
(CLINICAL CONNECTION)
refers to an inflammation of the endocardium and typically involves the heart valves. Most cases are caused by bacteria (bacterial endocarditis).
Endocarditis
intravenous antibiotics
Tx
Chambers of the Heart
4 chamber
2 upper chambers
Atria
receive blood from blood vessels returning blood to the heart, called veins
Atria
2 lower chambers
ventricles
eject the blood from the heart into blood
vessels called arteries
ventricles
Wall thickness depends on work load
- Atria thinnest
- Right ventricle pumps to lungs & thinner than left
Forms the right border of the heart and receives blood from three veins: the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus.
Right Atrium
thin partition between the right left atrium
interatrial septum
A prominent feature of this septum is an oval depression called the
fossa ovalis
(the remnant) an opening in the interatrial septum of the fetal heart that normally closes soon after birth
foramen ovale
blood passes from the right atrium into the right ventricle
tricuspid valve
forms most of the anterior surface of the heart.
Right Ventricle
inside of the right ventricle contains a series of ridges formed by raised bundles of cardiac muscle fibers called
trabeculae
separate right ventricle from the left ventricle
interventricular septum
blood passes from the right ventricle through
pulmonary valve
divides into right and left pulmonary arteries and carries blood to the lungs.
pulmonary trunk
receives blood from the lungs through four pulmonary veins.
Left Atrium
Blood passes from the left atrium into the left ventricle through the
bicuspid (mitral) valve / left atrioventricular valve.
the thickest chamber of the heart, averaging 10–15 mm
Left Ventricle
blood passes from the left ventricle through, into the ascending aorta.
aortic valve
Delivers deoxygenated blood to R. atrium
from body
Superior & inferior Vena Cavae
drains heart muscle veins
Coronary sinus
R. Atrium >
R. Ventricle
R. Atrium > R. Ventricle pumps through
Pulmonary Trunk
> R & L pulmonary arteries
> lungs
from lungs, oxygenated blood
Pulmonary Veins
> L. atrium
> Left ventricle
> ascending aorta
> body
(Between pulmonary trunk & aortic arch)
which connects the arch of the aorta and pulmonary trunk.
ligamentum arteriosum (fetal ductus arteriosum remnant)
Designed to prevent back flow in response to pressure changes
Valves
Between atria and ventricles
Atrioventricular (AV) valves
Right valve = (3 cusps)
tricuspid valve
Left valve
bicuspid or mitral valve
near origin of aorta & pulmonary trunk
Semilunar valves
valves respectively
Aortic & pulmonary
(CLINICAL CONNECTION | Heart Valve Disorders)
narrowing of a heart valve opening that restricts
blood flow is known as
stenosis
scar formation or a congenital
defect causes narrowing of the mitral valve
mitral stenosis
(MVP) backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium
Mitral valve prolapse
aortic valve is narrowed, and in aortic insufficiency there is backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle.
aortic stenosis
