Cardiovascular System (The Heart)

Question 1

Location of the Heart

Answer 1

Thoracic cavity between two lungs
~2/3 to left of midline
surrounded by pericardium: (2 parts)

Question 2

2 pericardium

Answer 2

Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium

Question 3

Inelastic and anchors heart in place

Answer 3

Fibrous pericardium

Question 4

(Inside) double layer around
heart

Answer 4

Serous pericardium

Question 5

layer fused to fibrous pericardium

Answer 5

Parietal

Question 6

(Inner) layer adheres tightly to heart

Answer 6

Visceral

Question 7

reduces friction during beat.

Answer 7

Pericardial fluid

Question 8

Outer layer
(Heart wall)

Answer 8

Epicardium

Question 9

• Cardiac muscle
• Responsible for the pumping action of the heart
• makes up approximately 95% of the heart wall.

Answer 9

Myocardium

Question 10

• thin layer of endothelium
• provides a smooth lining for the chambers of the heart and covers the valves of the heart.

Answer 10

Endocardium

Question 11

(CLINICAL CONNECTION)
an inflammation of the myocardium that usually occurs as a complication of a viral infection, rheumatic fever, or exposure to radiation or certain chemicals or medications.

Answer 11

Myocarditis

Question 12

(CLINICAL CONNECTION)
refers to an inflammation of the endocardium and typically involves the heart valves. Most cases are caused by bacteria (bacterial endocarditis).

Answer 12

Endocarditis

Question 13

intravenous antibiotics

Answer 13

Tx

Question 14

Chambers of the Heart

Answer 14

4 chamber

Question 15

2 upper chambers

Answer 15

Atria

Question 16

receive blood from blood vessels returning blood to the heart, called veins

Answer 16

Atria

Question 17

2 lower chambers

Answer 17

ventricles

Question 18

eject the blood from the heart into blood
vessels called arteries

Answer 18

ventricles

Question 19

Wall thickness depends on work load

Answer 19

• Atria thinnest
• Right ventricle pumps to lungs & thinner than left

Question 20

Forms the right border of the heart and receives blood from three veins: the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus.

Answer 20

Right Atrium

Question 21

thin partition between the right left atrium

Answer 21

interatrial septum

Question 22

A prominent feature of this septum is an oval depression called the

Answer 22

fossa ovalis

Question 23

(the remnant) an opening in the interatrial septum of the fetal heart that normally closes soon after birth

Answer 23

foramen ovale

Question 24

blood passes from the right atrium into the right ventricle

Answer 24

tricuspid valve

Question 25

forms most of the anterior surface of the heart.

Answer 25

Right Ventricle

Question 26

inside of the right ventricle contains a series of ridges formed by raised bundles of cardiac muscle fibers called

Answer 26

trabeculae

Question 27

separate right ventricle from the left ventricle

Answer 27

interventricular septum

Question 28

blood passes from the right ventricle through

Answer 28

pulmonary valve

Question 29

divides into right and left pulmonary arteries and carries blood to the lungs.

Answer 29

pulmonary trunk

Question 30

receives blood from the lungs through four pulmonary veins.

Answer 30

Left Atrium

Question 31

Blood passes from the left atrium into the left ventricle through the

Answer 31

bicuspid (mitral) valve / left atrioventricular valve.

Question 32

the thickest chamber of the heart, averaging 10–15 mm

Answer 32

Left Ventricle

Question 33

blood passes from the left ventricle through, into the ascending aorta.

Answer 33

aortic valve

Question 34

Delivers deoxygenated blood to R. atrium from body

Answer 34

Superior & inferior Vena Cavae

Question 35

drains heart muscle veins

Answer 35

Coronary sinus

Question 36

R. Atrium >

Answer 36

R. Ventricle

Question 37

R. Atrium > R. Ventricle pumps through

Answer 37

Pulmonary Trunk

Question 38

> R & L pulmonary arteries

Answer 38

> lungs

Question 39

from lungs, oxygenated blood

Answer 39

Pulmonary Veins

Question 40

> L. atrium

Answer 40

> Left ventricle

Question 41

> ascending aorta

Answer 41

> body

Question 42

(Between pulmonary trunk & aortic arch) which connects the arch of the aorta and pulmonary trunk.

Answer 42

ligamentum arteriosum (fetal ductus arteriosum remnant)

Question 43

Designed to prevent back flow in response to pressure changes

Answer 43

Valves

Question 44

Between atria and ventricles

Answer 44

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

Question 45

Right valve = (3 cusps)

Answer 45

tricuspid valve

Question 46

Left valve

Answer 46

bicuspid or mitral valve

Question 47

near origin of aorta & pulmonary trunk

Answer 47

Semilunar valves

Question 48

valves respectively

Answer 48

Aortic & pulmonary

Question 49

(CLINICAL CONNECTION | Heart Valve Disorders) narrowing of a heart valve opening that restricts blood flow is known as

Answer 49

stenosis

Question 50

scar formation or a congenital defect causes narrowing of the mitral valve

Answer 50

mitral stenosis

Question 51

(MVP) backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium

Answer 51

Mitral valve prolapse

Question 52

aortic valve is narrowed, and in aortic insufficiency there is backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle.

Answer 52

aortic stenosis