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214.201 Human Bioscience: Impaired Body Function > Cardiovascular System Revision > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Revision Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the cardiovascular system?

A
  • Heart
  • Blood vessels
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2
Q

What does the heart do?

A

Pumps blood around the body

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3
Q

What do the blood vessels do?

A

Transport blood

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4
Q

What things (5) does blood carry?

A
  • Gases
  • Nutrients
  • Wastes
  • Hormones
  • Others
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5
Q

Which circuit is 1?

A

Pulmonary circuit

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6
Q

Which circuit is 2?

A

Systemic circuit

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7
Q

3 ?

A

Oxygen-rich

CO2 poor blood

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8
Q

4 ?

A

Oxygen-poor

CO2 rich blood

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9
Q

Part A

A

Left atrium

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10
Q

Part B

A

Left ventricle

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11
Q

Part C

A

Right atrium

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12
Q

Part D

A

Right ventricle

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13
Q

Describe the flow of blood through the body starting at the lungs

A
  • Oxygen-rich blood from lungs into left atrium via pulmonary veins.
  • Oxygen-rich blood pushed out of of left ventricle to be pumped around the body (systemic circuit)
  • Oxygen-poor blood in tissues back to the heart into right atrium
  • Oxygen-poor blood pushed out of right ventricle back to the lungs, via the pulmonary arteries
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14
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

In the sternum, slightly more to the left

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15
Q

Where is the heart found?

A

In the medial cavity of the thorax - mediastinum

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16
Q

What surrounds the heart?

A

Pericardium

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17
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

To the lungs and then back to the heart

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18
Q

Systemic system

A

To the rest of the body and back to the heart

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19
Q

Name the four chambers of the heart

A

Left and right atrium

left and right ventricle

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20
Q

What do the atria of the heart do?

A

Receive blood

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21
Q

What do the ventricles of the heart do?

A

Push blood to the lungs/body

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22
Q

The heart has 2 sets of valves. What are they?

A

2 atrioventricular valves

2 semilunar valves

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23
Q

Where are the atrioventricular valves located?

A

Between the atria and ventricles

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24
Q

Where are the semilunar valves located?

A

Between the ventricles and the arteries leaving the heart

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25
Q

Main function of the heart

A

To pump blood

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26
Q

These return blood to the heart

A

Veins

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27
Q

These receive blood returning to the heart

A

Atria

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28
Q

These pump blood away from the heart

A

Ventricles

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29
Q

These take blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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30
Q

These prevent backflow of blood as it flows through the heart

A

Valves

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31
Q

Ventricles contracting

A

Systole

32
Q

Ventricles relaxing

A

Diastole

33
Q

Which requires more pressure, systemic circulation or pulmonary circulation. Explain why?

A

Systemic circulation as it has to pump blood further

34
Q

Name the 2 atrioventricular valves and state what side they are located?

A

Tricuspid - right side

Bicuspid - left side

35
Q

What do the atrioventricular valves do?

A

Prevent backflow during contraction

36
Q

What do the semilunar valves do?

A

prevent backflow of blood when the ventricles relax

37
Q

Fill in the blanks.

AV valves open when pressure in the atria is ———— than in the ventricles. ie when ventricles are —————

AV valves close when pressure in the ventricles is —————– than in the atria. ie when ventricles are —————————-

A

Greater

Relaxed

Greater

Contracting

38
Q

Fill in the blanks.

When ventricles contract, ventricular pressure ————– and AV valves ——————- and SL valves ———–

When ventricles relax, ventricular pressure —————- and AV valves —— and SL valves ——————

A

Increases, close, open

Decreases, open, close

39
Q

What are the LUBB and DUBB sounds?

A

LUBB = closure of the AV valves

DUBB = closure of the SL valves

40
Q

What are the types of blood vessels

A
  • Large arteries - Elastic and muscular
  • Small arteries - arterioles
  • Capillaries - Connect arteries and veins
  • Small veins - Venules and veins
41
Q

Where are elastic arteries found?

A

Close to the heart

42
Q

What do muscular arteries do?

A

Distribute blood to the body

43
Q

How are venules formed?

A

By capillaries joining together

44
Q

How are veins formed?

A

By venules joining together

45
Q

Arteries and veins have 3 layers known as what? What are these layers primarily made of?

A
  • Tunica externa - collagen
  • Tunica media - smooth muscle (elastic)
  • Tunic intima - Simple squamous epithelium
46
Q

Why do veins have valves?

A

To ensure the one way flow of blood back to the heart

47
Q

Return of blood to the heart via veins uses what 2 pumps?

A
  • Skeletal muscle pump
  • Respiratory pump
48
Q

Describe the term pulse

A

Pressure wave (as a result of the left ventricle contracting) felt in an artery that lies close to the surface of the body.

49
Q

Heart rate can be counted by counting ———— ———-

A

Pulse rate

50
Q

With BP, flow is always from areas of ——— pressure to ———

A

High

Low

51
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

Pressure exerted by the blood on the wall of a blood vessel

52
Q

What device is used to measure BP?

A

Sphygmomanometer

53
Q

BP ————— through the circulatory system

A

drops

54
Q

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

A

Diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse rate

55
Q

Blood pressure is determined by what 3 things?

A
  • Cardiac output (Stroke volume x heart rate)
  • Blood volume
  • Peripheral resistance
56
Q

An increased blood volume leads to a(n) ——————– BP

A decreased blood volume leads to a(n) —————- BP

A

Increased

decreased

57
Q

Vasoconstriction leads to a(n) ———————- BP

Vasodilation leads to a(n) ———————- BP

A

increased

decreased

58
Q

An increase in tube length leads to a(n) ————— in BP

A

Increase

59
Q

Thicker blood leads to a(n) ——————– in BP

A

Increase

60
Q

What are the components of a feedback system?

A

Stimulus

receptor

control centre

effector

61
Q

Increased heart rate to clear extra blood is known as what reflex?

A

The Bainbridge reflex

62
Q

Fill in the blanks.

When more blood enters the ventricles from atria, ventricular muscle is ——————. The ————— the stretch, the ———————- the force of contraction and ————————– stroke volume.

A

Stretched

greater

greater

greater

63
Q

What is Frank Starlings Law of the Heart?

A

The force of ventricular contraction is determined by the length of the cardiac muscle muscles

64
Q

What is Marey’s Law?

A

Inverse relationship between blood pressure (BP) and Heart rate (HR)

65
Q

When BP is too high, Heart rate —————————-

When BP is too low, Heart rate —————————-

A

Decreases

Increases

66
Q

Fill in the blanks.

Exercise → ————————– muscle contraction → ———————— Skeletal muscle pump → ———————- blood flow back to the heart

A

Increased

Increased

Increased

67
Q

Exercise → —————— rate and depth of respiration → ————————– blood flow in the thoracic cavity (during inspiration) and blood entering the heart (during expiration)

A

Increased

Increased

68
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

The amount of blood ejected from the ventricle during one contraction

69
Q

What is end diastolic volume (EDV)?

A

Amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole (relaxation and filling of the ventricle).

70
Q

What is end systolic volume (ESV)?

A

Amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of systole (contraction and emptying of the ventricle).

71
Q

Stroke volume = the difference between ————- and —————-

A

EDV and ESV

72
Q

What is meant by the term preload?

A

The degree to which the ventricular muscle is stretched just before contracting

73
Q

What is meant by the term afterload?

A

The pressure that the ventricles must overcome to push the blood through the semilunar valves as the ventricles are contracting

74
Q

Which organs in the renal system are sensitive to changes in BP?

A

The kidneys

75
Q

Which system is initiated by decreased blood flow to the kidneys?

A

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

76
Q

An increase in blood volume and vasoconstriction will lead to an ———————- in BP

A

Increase

77
Q

Systems work together.

Increased heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV) → increased ———— —————- (CO) → —————— blood pressure (BP)

A

Carfiac output

increased

214.201 Human Bioscience: Impaired Body Function (1 decks)

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