Cardiovascular system part 1 Flashcards
The Cardiovascular Anatomy includes:
Heart, Blood vessels, coronary blood supply (blood supply to heart), blood supply to head and neck, venipuncture sites (where to start IV), the conduction system
Heart Anatomy: The heart is divided into __ and __ halves. Each half is divided into an __ and __ chamber. Chambers are like rooms. __ chambers are called Atrium, plural is atria. __ chambers are called ventricles.
The heart is divided into left and right halves. Each half is divided into an upper and lower chamber. Chambers are like rooms. Upper chambers are called Atrium, plural is atria. Lower chambers are called ventricles.
Atria description
-Thin walled, low pressure chambers. Reservoirs of blood. 70% passive flow in systole (contraction phase). Right- systemic return via vena cava (large veins) and receives deoxygenated blood. Left- pulmonary return via pulmonary veins and receives newly oxygenated blood.
Ventricles description:
-Major pumping mechanism of heart.
-Thick walled
-Right- receives deoxygenated blood to lungs via pulmonary artery
-Left- receives newly oxygenated blood to systemic circulation (the rest of the body) via aorta
The heart valves prevent what?
backflow of blood
In between chambers of the heart and between chambers and major blood vessels are
valves
Where is the tricuspid valve
In between the right atria and right ventricle is tricuspid valve
Where is the mitral (bi-cuspid) valve
In between the left atria and left ventricle is mitral (bicuspid) valve
Where is the aortic valve
Aortic valve at base of aorta from left ventricle
Where is pulmonic valve
pulmonic valve lies at the entrance to the pulmonic artery from the right ventricle
Each __ is connected to a small muscle called __ muscle by stringy tendons called __ tendineae
Each valve is connected to a small muscle called papillary muscle by stringy tendons called chordae tendineae
Oxygen poor blood ( __ blood) returns to the __ side of the heart after __ __ __ __. The __ side collects and pumps blood to __ through the __ arteries. The __ refresh the blood with a new supply of __ making it turn __.
Oxygen poor blood (blue blood) returns to the right side of the heart after circulating through your body. The right side collects and pumps blood to lungs through the pulmonary arteries. The lung refresh the blood with a new supply of oxygen making it turn red.
Oxygen rich blood, (__ blood) then enters the __ side of the __ and is pumped through the __ to the __ to supply __ with __.
Oxygen rich blood, (red blood) then enters the left side of the heart and is pumped through the aorta to the body to supply tissues with oxygen.
4 valves keep heart moving the right way
Tricuspid valve, Mitral valve, pulmonary valve, aortic valve
A contraction is called
systole
Relaxing is called
diastole
systole:
muscle contracts forcing blood into lungs and body
diastole:
ventricles relaxed and is filled with blood from atria
The valves open only one way and only when pushed on. They open once per heart beat or once per second. A beating heart contracts and relaxes. The heart cycle consists of systole and diastole. Example:
When viewed from inside the right ventricle we can see the underside of the tricuspid valve is connected to a papillary muscle via the chordinae tendineae. Which when the muscle contracts will pull the valve open.
Summarize if we were to trace a drop of blood through the heart what the pathway would look like:
the superior vena cava collects venous blood from the upper body while the inferior vena cava collects venous blood from the lower body. These two blood vessels dump their blood into the right atria. The blood then flows past the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. It then passes through the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary artery. From here the blood flows to the lungs where it picks up oxygen it then flows back to the heart through the pulmonic vein and dumps into the left ventricle from here the blood is pumped through the aortic valve into the aorta and to the rest of the body.
__ and __ vena cava to the __ atrium through the __ valve into the __ ventricle through the __ valve into the __ artery to the __ to pick up __ back from the __ via the __ vein into the __ atrium through the __ valve into the __ ventricle through the __ valve into the __ to the rest of the __.
superior and inferior vena cava to the right atrium through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle through the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary artery to the lungs to pick up oxygen back from the lungs via the pulmonic vein into the left atrium through the mitral valve into the left ventricle through the aortic valve into the aorta to the rest of the body.
How does blood get from arteries to veins?
Arterial blood flows in arteries that divide into smaller vessels called arterioles. These arterioles have progressively divide into smaller and smaller vessels until they get into very tiny thin walled vessels called capillaries. These capillaries have walls that are so thin oxygen can freely migrate through the wall so when the blood gets to its final destination it will give up oxygen. The remaining blood is now deoxygenated. It will flow through progressively larger vessels from capillaries to venules and then to veins and finally to the vena cava. In the same way the capillaries surround small air sacs in the lungs called alveoli, oxygen is passed from alveoli to the blood and carbon dioxide is passed from the blood to the alveoli to be exhaled.
cardiac output
the amount of blood pumped out of the heart in one minute (usually about 5 QT)
Right heart circulation
-receives venous blood from the body
-deoxygenated blood (blue)
-low pressure
-sends blood through the pulmonary circulation to replenish oxygen
-Note: Exception to the rule: the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
-The rule: Usually when we talk about veins we’re talking about deoxygenated blood.
-Generally veins carry blood to the heart while arteries carry away from the heart. -Newly oxygenated blood is carried from the lungs back to the left atrium by the pulmonic vein- same exception to the rule.