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Academic flashcards (nursing) > Cardiovascular System (chapter 6) > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System (chapter 6) Flashcards

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1
Q

The circulatory system

A

known as the transportation of the body

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2
Q

what does the system consist of?

A

the heart, blood vessels and blood

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3
Q

what does the system transport

A

nutrients, wastes, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones and antibodies

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4
Q

how is the blood pumped?

A

from the heart, to aorta, to arterial vessels, then to the capillaries

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5
Q

where are the capillaries connected?

A

to the venous system

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6
Q

what does the venous system do?

A

allows blood flow back to the heart

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7
Q

The heart

A

a hollow organ that helps pump and transport to the body

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8
Q

pulmonary valve

A

the pulmonary carries blood to the lungs and closes when ventricles contract allowing flow to lungs

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9
Q

Name the process of the heart (how it transports -extra)

A

aorta, superior vena cava, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, inferior vena cava, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, lungs, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, lower aorta, and pulmonary valve

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10
Q

Endocardium

A

lines the inside of the heart

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11
Q

Myocardium

A

the thickest layer (muscular middle layer)

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12
Q

Pericardium

A

covers the outside of the heart with pericardial fluid (double layered)

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13
Q

part of the heart (separator)

A

septum - what separates the heart from right to left

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14
Q

how many divisions are in the heart? And what are the chambers?

A

4 chambers, top is atria and bottom is ventricles

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15
Q

what do valves do?

A

keep the blood flowing in the right direction

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16
Q

what’s does mitral valve do?

A

separates the left and right but closing and preventing backflow

17
Q

tricuspid valve

A

between the right atrium and ventricle

18
Q

what does the tricuspid do?

A

it closes when the right ventricle contracts to allow blood flow into the lungs, preventing backflow

19
Q

The hearts cycle (extra)

A

1.Atria contracts pushing blood into the ventricles
2.Then atria relaxes & blood returning from the rest of the body enters the right atria
2. Blood returning from the lungs enters the left atria
As atria are filling, SYSTOLE begins ventricles contract R Ventricle pushes blood through the PULMONARY ARTERY which sends it to the lungs for oxygen

20
Q

is right atrium & right ventricle oxygenated or deoxygenated?

A

deoxygenated

21
Q

is the left atrium & left ventricle oxygenated or deoxygenated?

A

oxygenated

22
Q

in what direction does blood flow through the heart?

A

Blood moves in two directions at the same time. Deoxygenated blood enters the right side of the heart and is pumped towards the lungs to pick up oxygen. Then that oxygen-rich blood re-enters the heart on the left side of the heart and is pumped out to the cells of the body.

23
Q

where is the aortic valve and what is it?

A

its located between L ventricle & its largest artery in the body

24
Q

what is systole and diastole

A

systole is when the ventricles contracts and place pressure

diastole is when the heart relaxes between beats and refills with blood (pressure drops)

25
Q

arteries

A

carries blood flow away from the heart

26
Q

veins

A

carries blood flow to the heart

27
Q

what are the 2 largest veins?

A

superior and inferior vena cava

28
Q

capillaries

A

connect the arterioles and venules that have thin walls to allow O2 & nutrients to pass and to take away CO2 and waste

29
Q

how much does an average adult have of blood

A

4-6 quarts

30
Q

why is blood called tissue?

A

it contains many types of cells like Plasma and Blood cells

31
Q

Plasma

A

(90% water) makes up dissolved substances like FIBRINOGEN & PROTHROMBIN: WHICH ARE BLOOD PROTEINS RESPONSIBLE FOR CLOTTING

32
Q

3 types of blood cells

A

red bc: erythrocytes (produce bone marrow)
white bc: leukocytes (fight infection)
thrombocytes - platelets (responsible for clotting blood

33
Q

phagogocytosis

A

the process by which WBC’s engulf, ingest & destroy pathogens & germs

34
Q

5 types of WBC’s

A

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Monocytes, & Lymphocytes.

35
Q

Blood Flow through the Heart (extra)

A
  1. superior & inferior vena cava (deox)
  2. right atrium (deox)
  3. tricuspid valve (deox)
  4. right ventricle (deox)
  5. pulmonary valve (deox)
  6. pulmonary artery (deox)
  7. lungs (becomes ox)
  8. pulmonary veins (ox)
  9. left atrium (ox)
  10. bicuspid valve (ox)
  11. left ventricle (ox)
  12. aortic valve (ox)
  13. aorta (ox)
  14. to the body (consumes ox and blood becomes deox)

Academic flashcards (nursing) (1 decks)

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