Cardiovascular System (chapter 6) Flashcards
The circulatory system
known as the transportation of the body
what does the system consist of?
the heart, blood vessels and blood
what does the system transport
nutrients, wastes, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones and antibodies
how is the blood pumped?
from the heart, to aorta, to arterial vessels, then to the capillaries
where are the capillaries connected?
to the venous system
what does the venous system do?
allows blood flow back to the heart
The heart
a hollow organ that helps pump and transport to the body
pulmonary valve
the pulmonary carries blood to the lungs and closes when ventricles contract allowing flow to lungs
Name the process of the heart (how it transports -extra)
aorta, superior vena cava, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, inferior vena cava, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, lungs, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, lower aorta, and pulmonary valve
Endocardium
lines the inside of the heart
Myocardium
the thickest layer (muscular middle layer)
Pericardium
covers the outside of the heart with pericardial fluid (double layered)
part of the heart (separator)
septum - what separates the heart from right to left
how many divisions are in the heart? And what are the chambers?
4 chambers, top is atria and bottom is ventricles
what do valves do?
keep the blood flowing in the right direction
what’s does mitral valve do?
separates the left and right but closing and preventing backflow
tricuspid valve
between the right atrium and ventricle
what does the tricuspid do?
it closes when the right ventricle contracts to allow blood flow into the lungs, preventing backflow
The hearts cycle (extra)
1.Atria contracts pushing blood into the ventricles
2.Then atria relaxes & blood returning from the rest of the body enters the right atria
2. Blood returning from the lungs enters the left atria
As atria are filling, SYSTOLE begins ventricles contract R Ventricle pushes blood through the PULMONARY ARTERY which sends it to the lungs for oxygen
is right atrium & right ventricle oxygenated or deoxygenated?
deoxygenated
is the left atrium & left ventricle oxygenated or deoxygenated?
oxygenated
in what direction does blood flow through the heart?
Blood moves in two directions at the same time. Deoxygenated blood enters the right side of the heart and is pumped towards the lungs to pick up oxygen. Then that oxygen-rich blood re-enters the heart on the left side of the heart and is pumped out to the cells of the body.
where is the aortic valve and what is it?
its located between L ventricle & its largest artery in the body
what is systole and diastole
systole is when the ventricles contracts and place pressure
diastole is when the heart relaxes between beats and refills with blood (pressure drops)
arteries
carries blood flow away from the heart
veins
carries blood flow to the heart
what are the 2 largest veins?
superior and inferior vena cava
capillaries
connect the arterioles and venules that have thin walls to allow O2 & nutrients to pass and to take away CO2 and waste
how much does an average adult have of blood
4-6 quarts
why is blood called tissue?
it contains many types of cells like Plasma and Blood cells
Plasma
(90% water) makes up dissolved substances like FIBRINOGEN & PROTHROMBIN: WHICH ARE BLOOD PROTEINS RESPONSIBLE FOR CLOTTING
3 types of blood cells
red bc: erythrocytes (produce bone marrow)
white bc: leukocytes (fight infection)
thrombocytes - platelets (responsible for clotting blood
phagogocytosis
the process by which WBC’s engulf, ingest & destroy pathogens & germs
5 types of WBC’s
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Monocytes, & Lymphocytes.
Blood Flow through the Heart (extra)
- superior & inferior vena cava (deox)
- right atrium (deox)
- tricuspid valve (deox)
- right ventricle (deox)
- pulmonary valve (deox)
- pulmonary artery (deox)
- lungs (becomes ox)
- pulmonary veins (ox)
- left atrium (ox)
- bicuspid valve (ox)
- left ventricle (ox)
- aortic valve (ox)
- aorta (ox)
- to the body (consumes ox and blood becomes deox)
