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MSI Unit V-Circulatory and Respiratory I > Cardiovascular System and Design > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System and Design Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of cardiovascular circulations in series and which part of the heart pumps to those circulations?

A

Pulmonary and systemic circulations.

Blood is driven into the systemic circulation by the left heart pump
Flow into the systemic circulation is right heart pump

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2
Q

How do you calculate cardiac output?

What is the typical CO values for a resting individual with normal heart function?

A

CO (mL/min) = SV (mL) X HR (beats/min)

Typical CO= 5 L/min

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3
Q

Over which type of vessel does the greatest decrease in circulation occur? Why?

A

The arterioles are the site of highest resistance in the vasculature.
The decrease in pressure at any level of the cardiovascular system is caused by the resistance of the blood vessels (ΔP= QxR). The greater the resistance is, the greater in pressure is.

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4
Q

Which type of vessel contains the greatest cross-sectional area?

A

Capillaries

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5
Q

Which type of vessel has the lowest blood flow velocity?

A

Capillaries

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6
Q

What is meant by “pulse pressure” and how do you measure/calculate it?

A

Pulse pressure (PP) is the difference between the highest (systolic) and lowest (diastolic) arterial pressures.

It reflects the volume ejected by the left ventricle (stroke volume).

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7
Q

As capacitance increases, what happens to pulse pressure?

A

Pulse pressure (PP) increases when the capacitance of the arteries decreases, such as with aging.

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8
Q

The amount of blood per unit time pumped into the aorta by the heart is called what?

A

Cardiac Output

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9
Q

What does stenotic/stenosis mean?

A

stenosis is an abnormal narrowing in a blood vessels

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10
Q

What does insufficient or regurgitant mean in relation to valves?

A

Leaky valves

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11
Q

What is it called when contractions of cardiac cells are irregular and non-synchronous?

A

Arrhythmic

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12
Q

The pulmonary circulation is similar to the systemic circulation in one important aspect, with respect to blood flow volume, which is?

A

Because both systems are series, the same volume of blood flows through the pulmonary vessels and systemic vessels per unit of time.

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13
Q

Rank the following structures in a resting subject that receives the greatest blood flow per gram of tissue to the least blood flow(specific blood flow)?

Kidney, brain, heart, liver, gastrocnemius muscle

A 
Kidney: 730 mL of blood per g of tissue. 
Liver: 100 mL
Heart : 70 mL
Brain: 60 mL 
Gastrocnemius muscle: 5 mL
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14
Q

T/F: At a normal cardiac output, the entire blood volume moves around the body once every hour?

A

False: the entire blood volume moves around the body once each minute

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15
Q

What effect would sleep and moderate changes in environmental temperature have on cardiac output?

A

None

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16
Q

What effect would epinephrine have on cardiac output?

A

increase

17
Q

What effect would pregnancy have on cardiac output?

A

increase

18
Q

What effect would eating have on cardiac output?

A

increase

19
Q

What effect would anxiety and excitement have on cardiac output?

A

increase

20
Q

What effect would high environmental temperature have on cardiac output?

A

increase

21
Q

What effect would sitting or standing from a lying position have on cardiac output?

A

decrease

22
Q

What effect would rapid arrhythmias have on cardiac output?

A

decrease

23
Q

What effect would heart disease have on cardiac output?

A

decrease

24
Q

What is meant by the term stroke volume?

A

stroke volume: the volume of blood ejected out of each ventricle

25
Q

What is mean arterial pressure (MAP) and how is it calculated?

A

MAP is defined as the avg. pressure over the entire cardiac cycle.

MAP= DP + 1/3 PP

26
Q

The rate of blood flow into the heart by the veins is called what?

A

venous return

CO is determined almost entirely by venous return

27
Q

Starling’s law of the heart says that stroke volume increases as _______ increases

A

end-diastole volume (cardiac filling)

28
Q

What is the peak arterial pressure that is reached during the ejection of blood by the heart called?

A

Systolic arterial pressure

29
Q

What is the lowest arterial pressure that is reached during the ejection of blood by the heart called?

A

Diastolic arterial pressure

30
Q

What causes the dichrotic notch?

A

backfilling of the aortic valve as it closes

31
Q

How does one control short-term MAP?

A

altering peripheral resistance to counteract moment-to-moment fluctuations of MAP.
Vasomotor activity regulates vasomotor tone and thus peripheral resistance, most short-term alterations in MAP are countered via baroreceptor reflex

32
Q

How does one control long-term MAP?

A

Primarily by altering blood volume via kidneys

MSI Unit V-Circulatory and Respiratory I (6 decks)

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