Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What are the three components of the heart?
Blood, heart and vasculature (blood vessels)
What are the functions of blood?
Transportation - O2, CO2, nutrients (GI tract ->cells), waste and heat ( away from cells), hormones (endocrine glands -> cells)
Regulation - mains homeostasis of interstitial fluid
Protection - blood clotting to prevent blood loss
What is the blood composition?
Liquid component: Plasma
Formed elements: cells and cell fragments
What makes up blood plasma?
91.5% water 7% plasma proteins - albumins (maintain osmotic pressure) - globulins (e.g. Antibodies) - fibrinogen (for clotting) 1.5% other solutes - electrolytes, nutrients, gases, hormones, waste products
What are the formed elements?
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets
What happens when blood circulates through lungs and tissue cells
As blood circulates through the lungs it picks up O2.
As blood circulates through tissue cells it picks up their waste products of CO2, water and heat.
What happens when blood circulates though the bone marrow?
As bone circulates through bone marrow it picks up the different types of blood cells
What happens when blood circulates though the GI tract?
As blood circulates through the GI tract, it picks up water molecules, nutrients and electrolytes absorbed from the dietary intake of food and fluid
What happens when blood circulates though the liver?
As blood circulates through the liver, it picks of albumin secreted by hepatocytes (liver cells)
What is the anatomical location of heart?
The heart is situated in the thoracic cavity, between the lungs, with 2/3 lying to the left of the midline and the inferior aspect resting on the diaphram. The midiastinum is the central region of the thoracic cavity that contains the heart, major nerves and blood vessels.
What is the 3 tissue layers of the heart?
Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
What is the gross anatomy of the heart?
Four chambers - two upper atria - two lower ventricles Atria - receive blood from veins - have thinner myocardium Ventricles - expel blood via arteries - have thicker myocardium
Explain the blood flow through the heart.
Right atrium receives blood from systemic circulation via superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus. Right ventricle expels blood to pulmonary circulation via pulmonary arteries. Left atrium receives blood from pulmonary circulation via pulmonary veins. Right ventricle expels blood to systemic circulation via aorta.
What are the components of the vasculature?
Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins
How is blood pressure produced and how is it determined?
Blood pressure is produced by contraction of the ventricles. It is determined by
- volume of blood in system
- the force of ventricular contraction
- the heart rate
- vascular resistance
