Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What is the cardiovascular system made up of?

Answer 1

Blood vessels and the heart

Question 2

What does blood transport around the body?

Answer 2

Oxygen to respiring cells
Carbon dioxide away from respiring cells
Digested food to the liver for processing and storage
Urea from the liver to kidneys
Hormones and antibodies
Distributing heat

Question 3

What does blood travel away from the hear in?

Answer 3

arteries

Question 4

What special feature does the artery wall have to withstand the high pressure generated by one contraction of the heart muscle tissue

Answer 4

It has a thick layer of muscle and extra elastic layers

Question 5

What do arteries divide into?

Answer 5

Smaller arterioles and continue to divide until they become capillaries

Question 6

What travels through capillaries?

Answer 6

Red blood cells only, travelling in singe file

Question 7

Why is the capillary one cell thick?

Answer 7

So that materials can diffuse easily to and from the blood.

Question 8

What do capillaries join together to form?

Answer 8

Venules

Question 9

What do venules join together to form?

Answer 9

Veins

Question 10

What do veins carry?

Answer 10

Low pressure blood

Question 11

What is the structure of a vein?

Answer 11

Thin layer of muscle and may include valves

Question 12

What is the purpose of the valves?

Answer 12

To prevent blood flowing back

Question 13

What is the myocardium made up of?

Answer 13

Cardiac muscle

Question 14

What is the structure of the cardiac muscle?

Answer 14

Small interconnected cells

Question 15

What do the interconnections allow?

Answer 15

The rapid spread impulses that cause the contractions of the heart from cell to cell

Question 16

Where are these impulses initiated?

Answer 16

By the sinoartial node high in the right atrium

Question 17

What is the spread of the impulses coordinated to do?

Answer 17

To make the atria contract first to pump the blood into the ventricle

Question 18

What follows the contraction of the atria?

Answer 18

The contraction of the ventricles, this contraction of the ventricle starts at the base of the ventricles and pumps blood out of the heart at high pressure.

Question 19

What is diastole?

Answer 19

Relaxation of the ventricle and the atria are pumping blood into the ventricles.

Question 20

What is systole?

Answer 20

When the ventricles contract

Question 21

What does Dr sync

Answer 21

Diastole is Relaxation. Systole is when the ventricles Contract.

Question 22

What is heart rate? (HR)

Answer 22

The number of heart contractions in one minute

Question 23

What is stroke volume? (SV)

Answer 23

The volume of blood pumped out by one ventricle during one systole

Question 24

What is cardiac output?

Answer 24

The volume of blood pumped by one ventrical in one minute. CO = HR x SV

Question 25

What is blood pressure?

Answer 25

The pressure during systole and diastole (measured in millimetres of mercury)

Question 26

Why does the CVS have to deliver of more oxygen during exercise?

Answer 26

To provide for increased respiration in skeletal muscles

Question 27

What happens to cardiac output during exercise

Answer 27

Increases

Question 28

What happens to heart rate during exercise?

Answer 28

Increases

Question 29

What happens to the atria walls when HR increases?

Answer 29

The atria receives more blood back from the body, so the atrial walls become more distended.

Question 30

What is the effect of the distended atrial walls?

Answer 30

The distension causes the force of the atrial contraction to increase, so more blood is pumped into the ventricles.

Question 31

What is the effect of the increased volume of blood delivered by the atria?

Answer 31

The distension of the ventricle increases. Stroke volume increases Increased force of contraction so systolic pressure increases.

Question 32

How is the blood flow to skeletal muscles increased?

Answer 32

Vasodilation

Question 33

What is done to keep the heart muscle aerobic?

Answer 33

Increased blood flow through the coronary arteries

Question 34

What happens to the blood flow to the gut and kidneys?

Answer 34

Decreases by vasoconstriction.

Question 35

What happens as the body heats up during exercise?

Answer 35

The blood flow to the skin is increased by vasodilation, which increases the radiation of heat from the body's surface.

Question 36

Which organ has unaltered blood flow during exercise?

Answer 36

Brain

Question 37

What is the recovery time?

Answer 37

The time taken for the CVS parameters to return to normal after exercise.

Question 38

What happens to the by-products during the recovery time?

Answer 38

They are removed from the muscles and enter the bloodstream for transport to the kidneys, liver or lungs for processing or removal.