Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

308 > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the causes of dysrhythmias?

A

Disturbance of heart rhythm

Abnormal rate of impulse generation or abnormal impulse conduction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the major risk factors for coronary disease?

A

dyslipidemia, HTN, smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an aneurysm?

A

aneurysm is a local dilation or out pouching of vessel wall or cardiac chamber.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the types of true aneurysms?

A

Circumferential: all the way around
Saccular: one side
dissecting saccular: tear in layer of vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a false aneurysm?

A

extra vascular hematoma caused by a leak between a vascular graft and a natural artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the affects arteriosclerosis has on the cardiovascular system and why?

A

Abnormal thickening/hardening of arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Differences between Ischemia, infarction, and necrosis

A

ischemia: cells are temporarily deprived of blood supply. Decreased coronary blood supply cannot meet oxygen needs of myocardium
infarction: prolonged ischemia causing irreversible myocardial injury
necrosis: death of myocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Primary HTN

A

idiopathic; genetic and environmental factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Secondary HTN

A

caused by underlying disease i.e. renal artery stenosis, diabetic nephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Stable angina and characteristics

A

chronic coronary obstruction; recurrent and predictable, chest pain. Tx with rest and nitro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Prinzmetal angina and characteristics

A

abnormal vasospasm, unpredictable pain at rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Unstable angina

A

Reversible myocardial ischemia and impending infarction; transient episodes of vasoconstriction and vessel occlusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Right heart failure causes

A

caused by R ventricular infarction or pulmonary disease; a cause of LHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Right heart failure symptoms

A

Backwards: lower extremity edema, nausea, anorexia, abdominal distention
Forward: low output so not perfusing brain and kidneys well – fatigue, oliguria, faint pulses, confusion, inc HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Left heart failure causes

A

Increase PVR makes heart work harder leading to hypertrophy of ventricle causing remodeling and decreased contractility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Left heart failure symptoms

A

Backwards: (going to lungs) dyspnea of exertion, orthopnea (sob), cough, cyanosis
Forwards: (low output so not perfusing brain or kidneys) fatigue, oliguria, faint pulses, confusion, inc HR

17
Q

Cardiac enzymes useful in determining myocardial function

A

Cardiac Troponin I: most specific

CPK-MB

18
Q

Frank-Starling law

A

Rubber band: more stretch results in harder contraction

19
Q

Stenotic valve

A

failure to open properly causing pressure gradient across the valve and increasing pressure work of the heart

20
Q

Regurgitant valve

A

allows blood to flow backwards cause increased volume of work of the heart

21
Q

Mitral valve prolapse

A

most common, most prevalent in young females, genetic influence,
symptoms: usually asymptomatic but can have palpitations, anxiety, light headed, dyspnea
may have mid-systolic click

22
Q

Genesis and formation of atherosclerotic lesion

A

thickening and hardening caused by lipid-laden macrophages in arterial wall causing plaque development. Leading cause of coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease.
Inflammation - cellular proliferation - macrophage migration - LDL oxidation - fatty streak - forms fibrous plaque - complicated plaque

23
Q

Venous thromboembolism

A

most common cause of pulmonary embolism caused by a DVT that has broken free.

24
Q

Sources of emboli

A

dislodged thrombus, air bubble, amniotic fluid, fat, bacteria, cancer cells or foreign substance

25
Q

Why does blood pressure rise with age?

A

arteries are less distensible

26
Q

Very important factor that influences blood flow

A

vessel radius

27
Q

Physiologic changes with aging

A

myocardial and blood vessel stiffening. (increase BP)

28
Q

What region of the heart does the LAD supply?

A

interventricular septum and left and right ventricles

29
Q

What region of the heart does the circumflex artery supply?

A

L atrium, L lateral wall of L ventricle

30
Q

What region of the heart does the RCA supply?

A

R atrium, R ventricle, bottom of both ventricles and back of septum

31
Q

Which valves close during LUB DUB

A

LUB: closure of AV valves
DUB: closure of semilunar valves

308 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions