Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What is the primary responsibility of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

The movement of blood around the body

This includes nutrient distribution and waste removal.

Question 2

What are the two main components of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 2

The heart and blood vessels

Blood vessels include arteries, veins, and capillaries.

Question 3

What are the upper chambers of the heart called?

Answer 3

Atria

Question 4

What are the lower chambers of the heart called?

Answer 4

Ventricles

Question 5

What type of muscle makes up the heart?

Answer 5

Cardiac muscle

Question 6

What controls the flow of blood into and out of the heart chambers?

Answer 6

One-way valves

Question 7

What is the function of arteries in the cardiovascular system?

Answer 7

Carry blood away from the heart

Question 8

What is the function of veins in the cardiovascular system?

Answer 8

Carry blood toward the heart

Question 9

What are capillaries made of?

Answer 9

A single layer of endothelium

Question 10

What vital functions does the cardiovascular system perform?

Answer 10

Transporting nutrients, hormones, and wastes

Question 11

What is the structure of the closed circulatory system?

Answer 11

A double-loop system consisting of thick-walled arteries, thinner-walled veins, and capillaries

Question 12

What is the role of the open lymphatic system?

Answer 12

Circulates and filters interstitial fluid between cells

Question 13

Fill in the blank: _______ are chemical messengers produced by a gland and transported by the bloodstream.

Answer 13

Hormones

Question 14

True or False: The cardiovascular system is responsible only for nutrient distribution.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

What connects arteries to veins in tissues?

Answer 15

Capillaries

Question 16

What are the two types of blood vessels in the cardiovascular system?

Answer 16

Arteries and veins

Question 17

What is the function of the superior vena cava?

Answer 17

Brings deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium

Question 18

What is the function of the aorta?

Answer 18

Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body

Question 19

What is the role of the pulmonary artery?

Answer 19

Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

Question 20

What is the purpose of the pulmonary veins?

Answer 20

Bring oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Question 22

What type of system transports blood and hormones?

Answer 22

The closed, double-loop system transports blood and hormones.

Question 23

What are the two loops of the circulatory system?

Answer 23

The two loops are the pulmonary loop and the systemic loop.

Question 24

What does the pulmonary loop do?

Answer 24

The pulmonary loop carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium.

Question 25

What does the systemic loop do?

Answer 25

The systemic loop carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body and returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.

Question 26

What are the two cycles of heart contractions?

Answer 26

The two cycles are systole and diastole.

Question 27

What occurs during systole?

Answer 27

Systole indicates contraction of heart muscles.

Question 28

What occurs during diastole?

Answer 28

Diastole is the relaxation of heart muscles.

Question 29

What sound is made when the atrioventricular valves close?

Answer 29

The closure of the atrioventricular valves makes a 'lub' sound.

Question 30

What sound is made when the semilunar valves close?

Answer 30

The closure of the semilunar valves makes a 'dub' sound.

Question 31

What is the 'lub-dub' sound of the heart?

Answer 31

The 'lub-dub' sound is created by the closing of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves during the heart cycle.

Question 32

What controls the contractions of the heart?

Answer 32

The contractions are controlled by the sinoatrial node, which acts as a pacemaker.

Question 33

What is the structure of arteries?

Answer 33

Arteries have thick walls to withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart.

Question 34

What is the structure of veins?

Answer 34

Veins have thinner walls and a larger lumen compared to arteries.

Question 35

What does blood plasma contain?

Answer 35

Blood plasma contains nutrients, hormones, antibodies, and other immune proteins.

Question 36

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 36

Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which transports oxygen from the lungs to the body and some carbon dioxide back to the lungs.

Question 37

What percentage of carbon dioxide is dissolved in plasma?

Answer 37

About 5 to 7% of carbon dioxide is dissolved in plasma.

Question 38

What is the bicarbonate buffer system?

Answer 38

The bicarbonate buffer system maintains acid-base or pH balance in the blood, with 85% of carbon dioxide used for this purpose.

Question 39

What are the two main lineages of white blood cells?

Answer 39

The two main lineages are granulocytes (basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils) and agranulocytes (monocytes and lymphocytes).

Question 40

What is the role of white blood cells?

Answer 40

White blood cells defend against pathogens.

Question 41

What are platelets responsible for?

Answer 41

Platelets are responsible for blood clotting.

Question 42

What does the open circulatory system do?

Answer 42

The open circulatory system's capillaries drain interstitial fluid and filter it through lymph nodes enriched in lymphocytes and macrophages.

Question 43

What is lymph?

Answer 43

Lymph is essentially plasma with the red blood cells removed, and it drains into large veins leading back to the heart.

Question 44

Where are lymph nodes typically enriched?

Answer 44

Lymph nodes are typically enriched in oral, nasal, and genital regions where foreign entities enter the body.

Question 45

What are some pathologies of the circulatory system?

Answer 45

Pathologies include heart attacks, stroke, aneurysms, atherosclerosis, arrhythmias, and hypertension.

Question 46

What is systole?

Answer 46

Systole is the portion of the cardiac cycle in which the heart expels blood.

Question 47

What is relaxation in the context of heart muscles?

Answer 47

Relaxation refers to the release of tension in a muscle.

Question 48

What is plasma?

Answer 48

Plasma is the clear pale yellow component of blood that carries red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets throughout the body.

Question 49

What is hemoglobin?

Answer 49

Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.

Question 50

What is a buffer?

Answer 50

A buffer is a solution of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid, maintaining the proper pH of the body.

Question 51

What are lymphocytes?

Answer 51

Lymphocytes are a category of white blood cells that include natural killer cells, B-cells, helper T-cells, and cytotoxic T-cells.

Question 52

What is the function of macrophages?

Answer 52

Macrophages are large white blood cells that ingest foreign material.

Question 53

What are leukocytes?

Answer 53

Leukocytes are white blood cells that protect the body against disease.