Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Final
Name the device used to measure blood pressure.
Sphygmomanometer
The T-Wave of an ECG represents what cardiac event?
Ventricular Repolarization or Ventricular diastole.
The closing of which valve is responsible for making the first heart sound?
It is produced by closure of the AV valves.
Cardiac output depends on what factors?
Heart rate and Stroke volume.
Define pulse.
Pulse is the wave of systolic pressure that starts at the ventricles of the heart and spreads throughout the arterial network.
What are some of the ways an ECG is useful?
Monitoring the patient during and after surgery. Detecting enlargement of the atria and ventricles. Diagnosing cardiac arrhythmias. Diagnosing some cardiac diseases.
What structures in the arterial network control the blood flow into the capillaries?
Arterioles
Which system controls the rate of the heartbeat?
The Autonomic Nervous System.
What event causes the second heart sound?
It is produced by the closure of the semilunar valves and vibrations of the blood vessels.
What is the effect of mitral valve or bicuspid valve leakage on the heart?
It would lead to thickening of the left side of the heart and finally left side congestive heart failure (CHF).
During ventricular systole what event happens first?
The increased pressure in the ventricles shut the AV valves closed to prevent backflow of blood into the atria.
What is Starling Law of the heart?
Starling Law of the heart states that the greater the diastolic filling, the greater the cardiac output.
What are heart murmurs?
Abnormal heart sounds due to abnormal blood flow.
Define blood pressure.
The pressure that blood exerts on the vessel wall.
What is the effect of tricuspid valve leakage on the heart?
It would lead to thickening of the right side of the heart wall and right-side congestive heart failure.
What is valvular insufficiency?
When the AV valves fail to close completely. (Mitral valve leakage)
What is the pathway of conduction of impulse in heart muscles?
SA node - Atria - AV node - Bundle of His - Purkinje Fibers - Ventricles.
Which component of the conduction system is called the “pace maker”?
SA node
Define stroke volume.
The amount of blood pumped out in one beat.
What is the difference between systole and diastole?
Systole is the contraction of the heart chambers. Diastole is the relaxation of the heart chambers.
The P-wave of an ECG represents what cardiac event?
Atrial Depolarization
What is a Left to Right shunt?
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism?
Anabolism is the building up process which means making complex substances from simple units.
Catabolism is the process by which substances are broken down into simple units to release energy.
The QRS-complex of an ECG represents what cardiac event?
Ventricular Depolarization.
What is the Right to Left shunt?
Patent foramen ovale in the heart.
Define cardiac cycle.
The sequence of events that occur during one complete heartbeat.
These events include the contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the heart chambers.
What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the heart rate and coronary blood flow?
It slows down the heart rate and decreases the coronary blood flow.
Name the four components of the conduction system of the heart.
SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, and Purkinje Fibers.
What is valvular stenosis?
The incomplete closure of the semilunar valves of the aorta or pulmonary artery.
Example: Aortic stenosis.
What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the heart rate and coronary blood flow?
It increases the heart rate and increases the coronary blood flow.
