Cardiovascular system Flashcards
What artery supplies the NA node and the percentages?
RCA = 80-90%
LCA = 10-20%
What does the great, middle and small cardiac veins run with?
LAD
PDA
RCA
What is a paradoxical embolus?
Patent foramen ovale + DVT
Embolus travels from vasculature to RA, LA, LV then to brain causing stroke
What is Beck’s triad?
Clinical signs indicating cardiac tamponade.
- Hypotension
- soft or absent heart sounds
- JVD
What area does the oblique veins drain and where does it drain into?
Post. LA
Drains into coronary sinus
A man has had brief episodes of light headedness when using his left arm on several occasions in the past three months. BP right 130/80 mmHg and BP left 85/65 mmHg. Common carotid and temporal pulses are normal. What describes the patient’s clinical picture and why?
Obstruction in left subclavian artery.
Proximal to vertebral artery and so when arm is being used, cerebral blood supply is used on the ipsilateral side.
Therefore, vertebral artery blood flow is down on ipsilateral side and up on contralateral side (normal).
Clinical relevance of right/left dominance?
determines the area of myocardial damage and conducting system
What areas does the RCA supply?
RA
RV (most of)
LV (diaphragmatic)
Post 1/3 interventricular septim
SA node (60%)
AV node (90%)
Describe pulsus paradoxus
Drop in systolic BP > 10mmHg.
Pressure changes across heart chambers.
E.g. cardiac tamponade = RV»_space; LV
Cause and effects of cardiac tamponade
Pericardial effusion
Reduced ventricular filling
Reduced CO
Outline role of crista terminalis
(fibromuscular ridge in RA)
Pathological role: atrial conduction block –> arrhythmias
What artery supplies the posterior third LV?
RCA - posterior descending artery
What artery supplies the SA node and the percentages?
RCA = 60%
LCA = 40%
Embryologically, what is required for cardiac looping?
Dyneines
What is the AV bundle?
Branch of fibers extending from the AV node. Includes the bundle of his and the purkinje fibers
What areas does the LCA supply?
LA
LV (most of)
RV (some of)
Ant. 1/3 interventricular septum
SA node (40%)
AV node (10%)
Atrial septal defect due to defect in what structure?
Septum secondum
What are the 5 changes that happen after birth to the foetal circulation?
1) umbilical vein to ligamentum teres / round ligament of liver
2) umbilical arteries to medial umbilical ligament
3) ductus arteriosus to ligamentum arteriosum
4) ductus venosus to ligamentum venosum
5) foramen ovale to fossa ovalis
What artery supplies the AV bundle?
LCA - LAD
Four defects in Tetralogy of Fallot
1 - pulmonary stenosis
2 - ventricular septal defect
3 - overarching aorta
4 - RV hypertrophy
What is right dominance?
interventricular artery is derived from RCA
What is the name of the small veins which drain all 4 chambers of the heart?
Thebesian veins
What is Kusmaal’s sign?
A rise or lack of fall of JVP with inspiration.
Classically associated with constrictive pericarditis, massive PE, RV infarction and advanced LV systolic heart failure
What artery supplies the anterior two thirds LV?
LCA - LAD
What are the 2 branches of the LCA?
Left circumflex artery
LAD
