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First Year > cardiovascular system > Flashcards

cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the heart?

A

to pump blood

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2
Q

what are the function of the blood vessels?

A

to transport substances around the body

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3
Q

what is the function of the blood?

A

delivers substances
EG- blood and glucose

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4
Q

where is the heart located?

A

slightly to the left, in the mediastinum
(gap between lungs)

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5
Q

what is the position of the heart in the chest?

A

in the THORACIC CAVITY, protected by the RIBS, POSTERIOR (behind) the STERNUM, ANTERIOR (in front) of the spine, SUPERIOR (on top) of the DIAPHRAGM, MID (between) the lungs

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6
Q

where does the apex of the heart sit?

A

on the MID CLAVICULAR line, 5th intercostal space (between rib 4 and 5)

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7
Q

where does the base of the heart sit?
(tip: base is NOT the bottom of the heart)

A

at the 2nd intercostal space

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8
Q

what is the pericardial sac?

A

the sac of fluid the heart sits in

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9
Q

what are the two layers of the pericardial sac?

A

the perietal layer (outer)
the visceral layer (inner)

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10
Q

what is the name of the protein rich fluid between the two membranes?

A

pericardial fluid

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11
Q

what is the function of the pericardial fluid?

A

lubricates and prevents friction

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12
Q

what are the 4 layers of the heart?

A

Pericardium, Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium

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13
Q

what are the two circulations of the heart?

A

the systemic circulation (systemic system)
the pulmonary circulation (pulmonary system)

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14
Q

whats the function of the systemic system?

A

it is from the LEFT side of the heart and delivers substances TO the tissues of the BODY

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15
Q

whats the function of the pulmonary system (circulation)?

A

takes DEOXYGENATED BLOOD from the RIGHT side of the heart TO the LUNGS

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16
Q

what are the four chambers of the heart?

A

left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, right ventricle

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17
Q

whats the function of the left atrium?

A

receives OXYGENATED blood FROM the LUNGS, via PULMONARY VEINS

18
Q

whats the function of the left ventricle?

A

PUMPS OXYGENATED blood to the rest of the BODY, via the AORTA

19
Q

whats the function of the right atrium?

A

RECEIVES DEOXYGENATED blood from the rest of the BODY, via the VENA CAVA

20
Q

whats the function of the right ventricle?

A

PUMPS DEOXYGENATED blood to the LUNGS, via PULMONARY ARTERIES

21
Q

what are the two types of valves in the heart?

A

atrioventricular valves, semilunar valves

22
Q

what are the atrioventricular valves?

A

tricuspid
bicuspid (mitral)

23
Q

what are the semilunar valves?

A

aortic
pulmonary

24
Q

what is the cardiac cycle?

A

a series of pressure changes in the heart

25
Q

what is atrial systole?

A

where the ventricles are relaxed, meaning the atria are contracting
allowing valves to open and blood to flow into the ventricles

26
Q

what is ventricular systole?

A

where the atria are relaxed, meaning the ventricles are contracting
allowing the blood to flow out aorta and pulmonary artery

27
Q

what are the two important roles of the electrical conduction system?

A

having pacemaker cells, ensuring the chambers of heart contract in coordinated way

28
Q

what are the components of the conduction system?

A

SA node, AV node, bundle of his, bundle branches, purkinje fibres

29
Q

where is the SA node located?

A

the right atrium, with pacemakers cells inside

30
Q

where is the AV node located?

A

in the septum between the atria

31
Q

where is the bundle of his located?

A

found in septum between the ventricles

32
Q

what is the function of myocytes?
(heart muscle cells)

A

receives electrical activity to tell them they need to contract

33
Q

what is cardiac output? (CO)

A

the volume of blood ejected by the LEFT VENTRICLE per minute

34
Q

what is the product of CO?

A

CO=HRxSV

35
Q

what regulates cardiac output?

A

baroreceptors- a type of receptor that detects changes in BP

36
Q

what is pre-load?

A

the volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole

37
Q

what are the factors that increase preload?

A
  • lower heart rate
  • increase in venous return
  • increase in cardiac contractility
38
Q

what is afterload?

A

resistance that the left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood

39
Q

what is contractility?

A

the ability of the heart muscle to contract and therefore pump blood

40
Q

what are the factors decreasing contractility?

A
  • hypothermia
  • cardiomyopathy

First Year (2 decks)

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