Cardiovascular system

Question 1

Question 2

Polygenic disorders: the most important risk
factors for CAD

Answer 2

Premature coronary disease and essential hypertension,
type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia

Question 3

Question 4

smooth-muscle cells
within the tunica media of the aortic arch, the ductus arteriosus, and the
carotid arteries all derive from

Answer 4

neural crest

Question 5

The conduction
system is composed

Answer 5

SA–> AV –> HIS bundle –> Purkinje fiber

Question 6

Larger arteries have their own
vasculature, the ____ which nourishes the tunica media.

Answer 6

vasa vasorum

Question 7

With normal or physiologic splitting, the A2–P2 (Aortic and pulmonic) interval ____ with inspiration and ____ during expiration.

Answer 7

increases; narrows

Question 8

High-pitched opening snap (OS) is seen in

Answer 8

Mitral Stenosis

Question 9

The third heart sound (S3) occurs during the _____ (w/c part of the ECG?) It can be a normal finding in children, adolescents,
and young adults; however, in older patients, it signifies heart failure.

Answer 9

rapid filling phase of
ventricular diastole

Question 10

late systolic murmur, heard best at the apex, indicates ___

Answer 10

MVP

Question 11

What is Carvallo’s sign?

Answer 11

murmur of TR is loudest at the lower left sternal border, increases in
intensity with inspiration

Question 12

What size of aneurysms warrant intervention because of the high mortality associated with repair of ruptured aortic aneurysms?

Answer 12

larger than 5.5 cm